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在分娩过程中,宫缩必不可少。在决定分娩的三要素中,产力承担着主要作用,在第二产程期间宫内压可高达16kPa。产力包括宫缩和腹压,宫缩在产力中又是左右产程的重要因素之一。微弱宫缩可导致产程延长,增加产妇和胎儿发生感染等危险。过强宫缩又可发生子宫破裂和胎盘血循环障碍,造成胎儿窘迫或死亡,以及产妇死亡等严重后果。把握住正常宫缩,就能减少分娩并发症的发生。 临产后的宫缩是有规律、有间歇、阵发性、逐渐增强的。每次宫缩总是由弱渐强(进行期),维持一定时间(极期),随后由强渐弱(退行期),直至消失进入间歇期。宫缩起始于两侧输卵管附着部,以椭圆形波长从两侧向中央,汇合到正中线后向子宫下部蠕动状地迅速扩展。根据Allman等的研究,宫缩产生的子宫内压,在正常分娩过程中能有效地传导到
Contractions are essential during childbirth. In determining the three elements of childbirth, productivity plays a major role in intrauterine pressure during the second stage of labor up to 16 kPa. Productivity, including contractions and abdominal pressure, contractions in the labor force is about one of the important factors in labor. Weak contractions can lead to prolonged labor, increase the risk of maternal and fetal infection. Too strong contractions may occur uterine rupture and placental blood circulation disorders, resulting in fetal distress or death, as well as maternal deaths and other serious consequences. To grasp the normal contractions, can reduce the incidence of complications of childbirth. After labor, contractions are regular, intermittent, paroxysmal, and gradually increased. Each contractions always by the weak crescendo (duration), to maintain a certain period of time (extreme), followed by the strong fade (degenerative), until disappear into the intermittent period. Contractions began in both sides of the fallopian tube attachment to the oval wavelength from both sides to the center, confluence to the median line to the bottom of the uterus peristalsis rapid expansion. According to Allman et al., Uterine pressure produced by contractions is effectively transmitted during normal labor