论文部分内容阅读
乙肝病原(HBV)为1910年Dane氏首先发现,故又叫Dane颗粒,是双层排列整齐的颗粒,外壳是表面抗原(HBsAg);内层是核心抗原(HBcAg)。HBV是嗜肝性病毒,人感染HBV后有三种情况:(1)亚临床型(隐性感染):无症状,不发病,不做血清检查不易发现。因有良好的免疫功能,占总感染的65％,恢复后可留下某一抗原的抗体标志,常是抗—HBC,这种病者100％恢复。(2)急性肝炎:感染了HBV,经过潜伏期,以急性形式发病。一次从血管接受大量HBV阳性者的血液,可短期内发病。急肝约1％死亡,99％最终恢复。(3)慢性肝炎型:10％的病人以慢性形式发病,①部分有急性肝炎史;②另一部分无急性肝炎史,其转归分为三类。一类:70％—80％的病例,肝功能恢复正常,成为HBsAg携带者;二类:10％—30％恶化,进一步发展为肝炎后肝硬化,三类:极少数病例可转化为肝癌。但最近发现,急性肝炎有50％是慢性肝炎急性
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was first discovered by Dane in 1910. It is also called Dane granules. It is a bilayer neatly arranged particle. The shell is a surface antigen (HBsAg) and the inner layer is a core antigen (HBcAg). HBV is a hepadnavirus, there are three cases of human infection of HBV: (1) subclinical (latent infection): asymptomatic, non-onset, do not do serum test is not easy to find. Because of good immune function, accounting for 65% of the total infection, after recovery can leave a sign of the antigen antibodies, often anti-HBC, 100% of patients with recovery. (2) Acute hepatitis: HBV infection, after the incubation period, the onset of acute form. Once from the blood vessels to accept a large number of HBV-positive blood, the disease can be short-term. About 1% of acute liver death, 99% eventually recovered. (3) chronic hepatitis type: 10% of patients with chronic form of disease, ① some history of acute hepatitis; ② the other part of the history of acute hepatitis, the outcome is divided into three categories. A class: 70% -80% of cases, liver function returned to normal, as HBsAg carriers; two: 10% -30% worse, further development of hepatitis cirrhosis, three categories: a very small number of cases can be transformed into liver cancer. But recently found that 50% of acute hepatitis is acute chronic hepatitis