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印度的粮荒情形印度虽然是一个农业国家,粮荒和饥馑却是经常发生的。据一九五○年印度、巴基斯坦年鑑估计,印度粮食短少百分之七到廿。但是,依照营养標准,每人每日一磅粮食计算,则短少应为百分之三十五。以三亿五千万人口计算,全年约需粮食五千七百万吨。不过,这之外还应把种籽、损耗和备荒粮加上,这样一来,每年粮食总产量应为六千至六千五百万吨,才能维持民食所需要的数额。可是,过去几年,印度年产粮食仅约四千万吨。目前,有三分之一的印度成年人每天只得到不足十二盎斯的配给粮,而像比哈两省等粮荒严重的地区,配给粮更少。在历史上,印度曾经发生过许多次大大小小的灾荒。远的不必说,近的如一九四三年的孟加拉灾荒,据查托巴第牙牙教授说,这次灾荒曾经使三百五十万人死于饥馑。就是官方的饥馑调查委员会,也承认饿死了一百五十万人,随着饥馑以俱来的是疫癘。據波瓦尼·森所著“孟加拉农村在毁减中”
The food shortage situation in India Although India is an agricultural country, food shortage and famine are frequent occurrences. According to India in 1950, the Pakistani Yearbook estimates India’s food shortfall of seven to twenty percent. However, according to the nutritional standard, a pound of food per person per day, then the shortfall should be 35%. With 350 million population, the annual demand for grain will be 57 million tons. However, seeds, wastage and spare grain should be added in addition to this, so that the total grain output should be between 6 and 65 million tons per annum in order to maintain the amount needed for civil consumption. However, in the past few years, India produced only about 40 million tons of grain. Currently, a third of Indian adults receive less than twelve ounces of ration a day, while less food is distributed in areas with more acute food problems, such as the two provinces of Bihar. Historically, many major and minor famines have taken place in India. Needless to say, near, as in the Bengal famine in 1943, according to Professor Chatuchak Chiaya, this famine once killed 3.5 million people from famine. It is the official Hunger Commission, which admitted that 1.5 million people were starved to death and that epidemic was the result of starvation. According to Pauvani Sen’s book, “Rural Bangladesh is undergoing destruction”