论文部分内容阅读
研究了具有山羊草属（Ａｅｇｉｌｅｐｓｃｒａｓｓａ，Ａｅ．ｊｕｖｅｎａｌｉｓ或Ａｅ．ｖａｖｉｌｏｖｉｔ）细胞质（均为Ｄ２型）的普通小麦品种“农林２６”（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｓｔｉｉｖｍ）的雄性不育和育性恢复的光周期反应．具有Ｄ２型细胞质的农林２６的异质系在长日用条件下（≥１５ｈ）几乎表现为完全雄性不育；而在短日照条件下（≤１４．５ｈ）表现为高度可育．观察发现温度对降低雄性不育性没有明显影响．因此，这种类型的雄性不育性被称为光周期敏感细胞质雄性不育性（ＰＣＭＳ）．ＰＣＭＳ是以雄蕊的心皮化形式表达的．组织学研究表明在雌性雄蕊中存在的不完全似胚珠结构代替了雄蕊中毡绒层细胞和花粉粒．小花的分化期是光周期敏感时期．ＰＣＭＳ可以用来作为一种生产杂交小麦的新方法，即“两系法”．ＰＣＭＳ在短日照条件下通过自花授粉被保持和繁殖，在长日照条件下与恢复系杂交生产杂交种子．与正在用的Ｔ型细胞质杂交小麦生产方法相比，这个方法仅需ＰＣＭＳ和恢复系．
The photoperiod response to male sterility and fertility restoration of a common wheat variety “Triticumaestiivm” with Aegileps crassa (Ae.juvenalis or Ae.vavilovit) cytoplasm (all of type D2) was studied. Heterozygous lines of Agroforestry 26 with D2-type cytoplasm showed almost complete male sterility under long-day conditions (> 15 h), while were highly fertile under short-day conditions (≤14.5 h). It was observed that temperature had no significant effect on reducing male sterility. Therefore, this type of male sterility is called photoperiod-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterility (PCMS). PCMS is expressed as the stratum carpels. Histological studies indicate that the incomplete ovule structure present in the female stamens replaces the stratum villosa cells and pollen grains. The floret differentiation period is the photoperiod sensitive period. PCMS can be used as a new method of producing hybrid wheat, namely “two lines method.” PCMS is maintained and propagated by self-pollination under short day conditions and hybridized with restorer lines under long-day conditions to produce hybrid seeds. This method requires only PCMS and restorer lines as compared to the T-cytoplasmic hybrid wheat method in use.