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一、呼吸系统的抗菌治疗呼吸系统感染是临床上最多见的感染性疾病之一。虽然,近些年来抗生素的种类日趋繁多,可是发病率及病死率仍然较高。在院外感染的以革兰氏阳性细菌(肺炎球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和革兰氏阴性杆菌感染为多。在医院内感染的以需氧革兰氏阴性杆菌最多见,(肺炎杆菌,绿脓杆菌最多见,也可为大肠杆菌)。前者首先选药仍为青霉素G,肌注。如病情严重,可能伴有菌血症者,可用青霉素G480万u～490万u,分次静脉滴注,每次120万u～240万u,溶於5％葡萄糖液中滴注一小时左右。应注意避免溶於碱性溶液内,否则影响青霉素效价。如果青霉素过敏者,可选用红霉素0.9～1.2/日或林可霉素1.2g/日,一般用药5～7天,如以上治疗不佳,或婴幼儿患者或老年患者或免疫功
First, the respiratory system of antibacterial treatment of respiratory infections is one of the most clinically infectious diseases. Although the variety of antibiotics is increasing in recent years, the morbidity and mortality are still high. Gram-positive bacteria (pneumococcal, Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacilli are mostly infected in out-of-hospital infections, most of which are aerobic Gram-negative bacilli that are infected in hospitals (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus most see, but also for E. coli). The first drug is still the first choice of penicillin G, intramuscular injection. Serious illness, may be associated with bacteremia, available penicillin G480 million ~ 490 million u, divided by intravenous infusion , Each 1.2 million u ~ 2.4 million u, dissolved in 5% glucose solution for one hour infusion should be taken to avoid dissolving in alkaline solution, or affect the penicillin potency. If penicillin allergy, the choice of erythromycin 0.9 ~ 1.2 / day or lincomycin 1.2g / day, the general medication 5-7 days, such as the above treatment is not good, or infant or elderly patients or immune function