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Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a common human pathogen causing cold sores and even more serious diseases.It can establish a latent stage in sensory ganglia after primary epithelial infections,and reactivate in response to stress or sunlight.Previous studies have demonstrated that viral immediate-early protein ICP0 plays a key role in regulating the balance between lytic and latent infection.Recently,It has been determined that promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies (NBs),small nuclear sub-structures,contribute to the repression of HSV-1 infection in the absence of functional ICP0.In this review,we discuss the fundamentals of the interaction between ICP0 and PML NBs,suggesting a potential link between PML NBs and ICP0 in regulating lytic and latent infection of HSV-1.