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《中华人民共和国侵权责任法》首次以制定法的形式专门规定了学校对未成年学生的过错推定责任、过错责任和补充责任三种责任形态。从这一特殊规定看,学校承担责任应具备学校过错、学生人身损害的事实、学校过错与学生人身损害事实的因果关系、学生在学校生活和学习期间四个要件。这三种责任形态体现了过错责任原则在学校事故处理中的运用,未尽到注意义务是学校承担侵权责任的基础。须从以下方面强调学校的注意义务:对学生的安全教育与管理职责;校舍、场地、其他教育教学设施和生活设施安全管理与检查职责;安全保卫和值班职责;对学生的卫生教育与保健职责;对学生的救助与保护职责;学校安全制度建设职责,以创建安全的学校。
For the first time, the Law of the Torts of the People's Republic of China stipulates in the form of statutory law the school's three prescriptive responsibilities, fault liability and supplementary liability of minor students. From this special regulation, the responsibility of the school should have the four elements: school fault, factual harm to students, causal relationship between school fault and student personal injury, and students' requirements during school life and study. These three forms of responsibility embody the application of the principle of fault liability in the handling of school accidents. Failure to pay due attention is the basis for the school to bear the tort liability. The school's duty of care must be emphasized in the following areas: safety education and management responsibilities for students; safety management and inspection duties of school buildings, venues and other educational and teaching facilities and living facilities; safety and duty responsibilities; health education and health care responsibilities for students ; Rescuing and protecting students; Setting responsibilities for school safety systems to create safe schools.