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通过对黄泛冲积物发育的盐碱化潮土的长期定位试验和土壤、植物分析,研究了小麦-夏玉米轮作制下的产量演变;有机肥和化肥的肥效;土壤养分的变化和平衡,以及土壤盐分及其组成的变化。结果表明:年平均产量 NPK>NP>NK>PK;单施化肥的单位养分增产量 P_2O_5>N>N_2O;配施有机肥时,N>K_2O>P_2O_5。化肥生产率玉米大于小麦,单施化肥大于配施有机肥。每年每公顷施 N375kg,P_2O_5187.5kg,K_2O 225kg 可维持氮磷钾养分的平衡。土壤中 Mg、B、Cu、Mn明显减少,单施有机肥不能维持土壤硫素平衡,土壤全盐量、pH 值、离子组成等变化不大。但仍应加强排水,提高土壤肥力,防止可溶性盐在土壤表层积累。
Through the long-term experiment of soil salinization and the analysis of soil and plant, the yield evolution under wheat-summer maize rotation system, the fertilizer efficiency of organic manure and chemical fertilizer, the change and balance of soil nutrient, As well as changes in soil salinity and its composition. The results showed that NPK> NP> NK> PK of annual yield; P_2O_5> N> N_2O per unit of chemical fertilizer; N> K2O> P_2O_5 with organic fertilizer. Fertilizer productivity Corn is greater than wheat, chemical fertilizer alone than with organic fertilizer. Each year hectare N375kg, P_2O_5187.5kg, K_2O 225kg can maintain the balance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients. The content of Mg, B, Cu and Mn in the soil decreased obviously. The application of organic manure could not maintain the balance of sulfur in the soil, the content of soil total salt, pH value and ion composition did not change much. However, drainage should be strengthened to increase soil fertility and prevent the accumulation of soluble salts on the soil surface.