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为了能清楚地描述重力坝坝基附近复杂的应力分布情况,本文讨论了材料力学、弹性理论和有限单元法计算重力坝的不同特点及其结果。本文认为用于计算重力坝的弹性理论或材料力学方法,在坝高H/5以上的坝体绝大部分区域里的解答是可靠的。而对于复杂的地基基础以及重要的工程和设计阶段,人们所最关心的坝基附近的坝体应力,用有限单元法分析才较符合实际。 对于坝踵区,根据文中所指出的理由,我们认为没有必要无限制地向角点逼近去求解角缘应力。为了满足工程需要,在满足平衡精度的条件下,坝踵应力可近似以距坝踵角点某一半径周界(例如R=0.01H-0.02H)上的应力来代表。
In order to clearly describe the complex stress distribution near the dam foundation of gravity dam, this paper discusses the different characteristics and results of gravity dam by using the theory of mechanics of materials, elasticity and finite element method. This paper argues that the elastic theory or material mechanics method used to calculate the gravity dam is reliable in most dam areas above dam height H / 5. For complex foundations and important engineering and design phases, the stress of the dam near the dam foundation, which is most concerned with, is more realistic by the finite element method. For the heel area, based on the reasons indicated in the article, we do not consider it necessary to approach the corner point indefinitely to solve for the corner stress. In order to meet the engineering requirements, the dam heel stress can be approximated by the stress at a certain radius perimeter (eg, R = 0.01H-0.02H) from the heel of the heel under the condition of balancing accuracy.