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通过土柱淋溶实验研究了骨炭、磷矿粉与生物调理剂对赣南稀土矿区土壤稀土元素淋溶的影响.结果表明:土壤中添加骨炭、磷矿粉和生物调理剂均显著地提高了淋溶液的p H值.不管是高钇型重稀土土壤还是富镧少钇型轻稀土土壤,添加骨炭均显著地降低了淋溶液中稀土元素的浓度,7 d时淋溶液中15个稀土元素浓度比对照处理降低10.4%~86.7%(重稀土土壤)和4.6%~87.8%(轻稀土土壤),铈、镧、钇、钕、镝、钆等稀土元素浓度降低最明显.培养时间越长稀土元素淋溶量越少,骨炭的降低作用越小.在轻稀土土壤中添加磷矿粉7 d和14 d后,淋溶液中稀土元素浓度均比对照处理有所降低,而在重稀土土壤中添加磷矿粉7~28 d后,均导致淋溶液中稀土元素浓度比对照升高(除了个别元素外).土壤中添加生物调理剂均导致淋溶液中稀土元素浓度急剧提高,7 d时淋溶液中15个稀土元素浓度比对照处理提高0.86~123.4倍(重稀土土壤)和5.4~250.2倍(轻稀土土壤),在重稀土土壤中钇、铒、镱、镝、钆、钕等浓度提高最明显,而在轻稀土土壤中浓度提高最明显的为铈、镧、钕、镨、钆等.另外,还研究了骨炭、磷矿粉和生物调理剂对土壤总稀土元素淋溶的影响.研究表明,骨炭是可以用来修复稀土元素污染土壤的潜力改良剂,而磷矿粉和生物调理剂的应用将提高环境污染的风险.
The leachate leaching experiment was carried out to study the effects of BMC, phosphate rock and bio-conditioner on the leaching of rare earth elements in the rare earth mining area in southern Jiangxi Province. The results showed that the addition of BMC, Leaching solution p H value.Whether it is high-yttrium-type heavy rare earth or lanthanum-less yttrium-type light rare earth soil, the addition of bone charcoal significantly reduced the concentration of rare earth elements in the leaching solution, and on the 7th day, 15 rare earth elements The concentrations of rare earth elements such as cerium, lanthanum, yttrium, neodymium, dysprosium and gadolinium decreased most obviously when the concentration was lower than that of the control by 10.4% ~ 86.7% (heavy rare earth) and 4.6% ~ 87.8% The less the leaching amount of rare earth elements, the less the effect of the reduction of bone charcoal.The addition of phosphate rock to light rare earth soil after 7 d and 14 d, the concentration of rare earth elements in the leaching solution is lower than the control treatment, , The concentration of rare earth elements in leaching solution increased (except for some elements) after adding phosphate rock powder for 7 ~ 28 d.The addition of biotic-conditioning agent in soil all resulted in the sharp increase of rare earth element concentration in leaching solution. At 7 d Concentration of 15 rare earth elements in the leaching solution compared with the control The concentrations of yttrium, erbium, ytterbium, dysprosium, gadolinium and neodymium increased most significantly in heavy rare earth soils from 0.86 to 123.4 times (heavy rare earth) and from 5.4 to 250.2 times (light rare earth), while in light rare earth Lanthanum, neodymium, praseodymium, gadolinium, etc. In addition, the effect of bone charcoal, rock phosphate and bio-conditioning agent on leaching of total rare earth elements in the soil was also studied.The results show that bone charcoal can be used to repair Rare earth elements pollute the soil potential improver, and the application of phosphate rock and bio-conditioner will increase the risk of environmental pollution.