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本文研究了苯、四氯化碳和丙酮等18种溶剂对乙酐,乙醇反应速率的影响.在醇解反应中,乙酐过渡态的形成,需要ROH中的氧原子进攻乙酐的C~(+δ)中心,同时需要ROH中的羟基H~(δ+)接受乙酐的进攻.因此能与ROH或乙酐负氧作用的溶剂,对醇解反应不利.若把溶剂分子中正H集团的正电荷强度、负电集团强度和类乙酐中心集团等结构因素定性地用一结构参数表示,则此结构参数可定性地说明溶剂对乙酐醇解反应速率的大致影响.
In this paper, the effects of 18 solvents, such as benzene, carbon tetrachloride and acetone, on the reaction rate of acetic anhydride and ethanol were studied.In the alcoholysis reaction, the formation of transition state of acetic anhydride required the attack of C ~ (+ δ) center, while the need for ROH in the hydroxyl H ~ (δ +) to accept the attack of acetic anhydride.Therefore, with ROH or acetic anhydride negative oxygen effect of the solvent, the alcoholysis reaction is unfavorable.If the solvent molecule positive H group The positive charge intensity, the negative charge group strength and the structural factors such as the group of acetic anhydride are qualitatively represented by a structural parameter, then the structural parameters can qualitatively illustrate the general effect of the solvent on the rate of alcoholysis of acetic anhydride.