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目的了解铸造行业职业病危害因素的现状,为职业流行病学研究和铸造行业职业病危害因素控制提供基础数据。方法采用随机抽样方法对铜陵市铸造行业某企业作业场所中粉尘、有毒气体、噪声及高温等职业病危害因素现场检测结果及作业工人健康监护情况进行调查。结果该企业作业场所中粉尘游离二氧化硅含量大部分大于10%,粉尘浓度为0.2~6.1 mg/m3,最大超标倍数为48倍,粉尘超标场所主要集中在抛砂、抛丸和清理岗位;各作业场所中的有毒气物质检测结果均符合国家卫生标准;噪声强度检测6个岗位,仅有1个岗位符合国家卫生标准;高温作业岗位的温度略高于国家卫生标准。结论铸造行业职业病危害仍比较严重,尤其是粉尘和噪声。建议强化企业职业病防治主体意识,投入资金进行技术改造,加强个人防护;落实并完善健康监护和定期检测评价制度;监管部门应加大监管力度。
Objective To understand the status quo of occupational hazards in foundry industry and provide basic data for occupational epidemiological studies and control of occupational hazards in foundry industry. Methods A random sampling method was used to investigate on-site testing results of occupational hazards and monitoring of occupational health status of dust, toxic gases, noise and heat in a workplace in a foundry industry in Tongling City. Results Most of the dust free silica in the work place was more than 10%, the dust concentration was 0.2 ~ 6.1 mg / m3 and the maximum exceeded standard multiple was 48 times. The places with excessive dust concentration mainly concentrated in sand throwing, shot blasting and cleaning positions. The toxic gas detection results in the workplace are in line with the national health standards; noise intensity detection of six positions, only one position in line with national health standards; high temperature operation post temperature slightly higher than the national health standards. Conclusion The occupational hazards in foundry industry are still serious, especially dust and noise. Proposals should be made to strengthen the awareness of the main body of occupational disease prevention and control in enterprises, invest funds in technological transformation and strengthen personal protection; implement and improve the system of health guardianship and regular testing and evaluation; and supervisory authorities should step up supervision and control.