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采用单因素试验和正交试验方法,研究了不同施肥处理对银杏Ginkgo biloba叶片中的氮、磷和钾质量分数以及新梢叶片光合作用的影响,为银杏用材林的施肥提供理论依据。结果表明:银杏对氮和钾的吸收有协同作用,在氮和钾肥单施时,叶片中氮和钾元素质量分数变化趋势相同。单施磷肥对银杏吸收土壤中的氮和钾有抑制作用,配施时土壤中磷元素高,对氮影响较大,对钾影响较小。在单施处理中,净光合速率均是在氮、磷和钾最大施肥量时达到最大值,不同施肥处理间差异显著(P<0.05),蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间二氧化碳摩尔分数变化无规律。配施处理中,蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间二氧化碳摩尔分数都是在处理2(氮肥100 g·株~(-1),磷肥400 g·株~(-1),钾肥40 g·株~(-1))达到最大值,净光合速率是在处理5(氮肥200 g·株~(-1),磷肥400 g·株~(-1),钾肥90 g·株~(-1))达到最大值。氮、磷、钾同施能够使土壤元素含量更均衡,促进银杏对营养元素的吸收,提高叶片光合作用效能。
The effects of different fertilization treatments on the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents and photosynthesis of shoots of Ginkgo biloba were studied by single factor experiment and orthogonal test, which provided the theoretical basis for the fertilization of Ginkgo biloba forest. The results showed that Ginkgo biloba had a synergistic effect on the absorption of nitrogen and potassium, and the same trend was observed when nitrogen and potassium were applied alone. Phosphorus fertilizer alone could inhibit the nitrogen and potassium in soils absorbed by Ginkgo biloba, while the phosphorus content was high in the soil when applied, which had a greater impact on nitrogen and less on potassium. Under single application, the net photosynthetic rate reached the maximum at the maximum fertilization amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the difference was significant (P <0.05) between different fertilization treatments. The transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular carbon dioxide mole fraction Irregular. The transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular carbon dioxide (MoCO2) fraction were the highest in treatment 2 (100 g · N ~ (-1) N), 400 g · K ~ (-1) ~ (-1)), the net photosynthetic rate was the highest in the treatments of 5 g nitrogen fertilizer (200 g · plant -1), 400 g · kg -1 phosphate fertilizer, 90 g · plant -1 )Reaches the maximum value. The combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can make the content of soil more balanced, promote the absorption of nutrients and improve the photosynthesis efficiency of leaves.