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目的 :本研究旨在通过调查上海市中学生对普通感冒的认知及治疗行为,为中学生普通感冒的流行病学提供基础性的数据资料。本研究更期望能为提高青少年正确认知感冒,避免因不合理用药带来药物的不良反应,为减轻家长和社会经济负担提供帮助。方法 :通过纸质问卷形式,对上海市在校400名高中生进行普通感冒的问卷调查,共发放问卷400份,收集到有效问卷353份。结果 :上海市中学生感冒症状具有多样性,尤以咳嗽、鼻塞、流涕、打喷嚏、咽痛常见,52%的被调查者认为感冒严重影响了学习效率和上课注意力,82%的被调查者不知道感冒是由病毒引起,77%的被调查者不能清晰地辨别普通感冒和流行性感冒,76%的被调查者不清楚抗感冒药的主要成分和功效,60%的被调查者认为口服抗生素治疗感冒有效,47%的被调查者会同时服用2种及3种以上的感冒药,73%的被调查者曾因服用感冒药而出现过头晕、嗜睡、疲倦,注意力不集中等不良反应。亲友推荐和医生处方是中学生了解口服感冒药种类的主要渠道,中学生服用的抗感冒药种类繁多,各有偏好,35%的被调查者倾向于选择西药,33%的选择中成药,感冒口服抗生素主要由家人建议和医生决定,发热38.0℃以上,38.5℃以上,39.0℃以上去医院就诊的比例各占约三分之一,43%的被调查者因感冒去医院就诊,会选择大型综合性医院,44%的被调查者最近一次感冒治疗花费在50元以上。结论 :上海市中学生普通感冒有其自身的特征,中学生对普通感冒的认知和治疗行为存在误区和偏差,应高度重视家长和医生对中学生抗感冒治疗观念的正确引导。
Objectives: This study aims to provide basic data for the epidemiology of common cold among middle school students by investigating the cognition and treatment of common cold among middle school students in Shanghai. This study also hopes to help adolescents correctly understand the flu, to avoid adverse drug reactions caused by irrational drug use, and to alleviate the financial burden on parents and society. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted on 400 senior high school students in Shanghai using paper questionnaires. A total of 400 questionnaires were sent out and 353 valid questionnaires were collected. Results: The symptoms of common cold in Shanghai middle school students were diversified, especially cough, stuffy nose, runny nose, sneezing and sore throat. 52% of the respondents thought that cold affected the study efficiency and class attention seriously, and 82% were investigated Of those who did not know that the cold was caused by a virus, 77% of the respondents could not clearly distinguish the common cold and influenza, 76% of the respondents did not know the main components and efficacy of anti-cold medicine, and 60% of the respondents think Oral antibiotic treatment of cold effectively, 47% of respondents will take two and more than three kinds of cold medicine at the same time, 73% of respondents had had dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, inability to concentrate because of taking cold medicine Adverse reactions. Relatives and friends recommend and doctor prescription is the main channel for secondary school students to understand the types of oral cold medicine, middle school students take a wide range of anti-cold medicine, each has a preference, 35% of respondents tend to choose western medicine, 33% of selected proprietary Chinese medicines, cold oral antibiotics Mainly recommended by the family and the doctor decided to fever over 38.0 ℃, 38.5 ℃ above, 39.0 ℃ or more to go to the hospital for about one-third of the proportion of the respondents, 43% of respondents due to flu to the hospital for treatment, will choose a large comprehensive In the hospital, 44% of the respondents recently spent more than 50 yuan on a cold treatment. Conclusion: The common cold in Shanghai middle school students has its own characteristics. Middle school students have misunderstandings and deviations in cognition and treatment of the common cold. Therefore, parents and doctors should attach great importance to the correct guidance of anti-cold treatment for middle school students.