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“时态”、“语态”的考查在高考试题中无论是单选、完形填空、翻译、改错、单词拼写，还是在写作中都是“重头戏”。但是不像汉语不用变化谓语而直接用时间状语体现时间或主谓宾关系，英语是不断变化谓语形式来体现时间概念及谓语与主语的关系，因此很多学生“谈时态、语态色变”，根据高考命题特点，我们可以从以下六点找到破解它的突破口。
一、明确几组易混时态的用法
1．一般现在时态和现在进行时态
①Light travels much faster than sound. (客观事实)
②She is visiting Canada.（现阶段正在做）
③-Do you live here? （目前状况）
-No. I’m visiting my old friends these days. （现阶段正在做，体现暂时性）
④I sometimes work until dawn.（经常会习惯性动作）
一般现在时态表示目前经常发生或习惯性的动作，表示客观事实、主语目前的特征、状况、能力等。现在进行时态表示说话人正在进行的动作或现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定正在进行的动作，体现它的暂时性。
【经典考例】（下划线为答案）
①The house belongs to my aunt but she___________here any more.(2006全国Ⅰ)
A. hasn’t lived B. didn’t live
C. hadn’t livedD. doesn’t live
②-I don’t suppose the police know who did it. (2006江苏)
-Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and_________now.
A. has been questionedB. is being questioned
C. is questioning D. had questioned
【即兴练笔】
③I________ ping-pang quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.(NMET2001)
A. will playB. have played
C. played D. play
④I don’t really work here. I_________until the new secretary arrives.(NMET1994)
A. just help out B. have just helped out
C. am just helping out D. will just help out
解析：①和③表明了主语目前的状况和能力，用一般现在时态。②表示此刻正在进行的动作，又因是被动关系，用现在进行时态的被动语态，④表示现阶段正在做而说话时不一定正在进行的动作，体现它的暂时性。
2．一般过去时态和过去进行时态
① Yesterday I was writing a report and now I’m continuing to write it. （未完成）
② Yesterday I wrote a report and now I’m typing it. （完成）
③ When you phoned I was talking with my foreign teacher.
(一般过去时态表示短暂的某一动作；过去进行时态为前者提供背景、起铺垫作用)
一般过去时态侧重于某动作在过去发生的事实，体现动作的完成性；过去进行时态表示动作在过去某时或某阶段正在进行或说话时不一定正在进行的动作，体现它的未完成性和持续性。
【经典考例】
①-I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at 8 yesterday evening.(2007福建)
-Impossible. She_________TV with me in my home then.
A. watched B. had watched
C. would watch D. was watching
② I__________you not to move my dictionary——now I can’t find it.(2004全国II)
A. asked B. was asking
C. ask D. had asked
【即兴练笔】
③-Has Sam finished his homework today?(NMET2004)
-I have no idea. He__________it this morning.
A. didB. had done
C. was doingD. had done
④-Did you see a man in black pass by just now? (2007四川)
-No, sir, I__________a newspaper.
A. readB. was reading
C. would readD. am reading
解析：①表示watch这个动作在at yesterday evening正在做，②仅强调过去动作的事实，表示“已经告诉过”；③从“I have no idea”及“this morning”可知“do the homework”并未完成，强调动作的持续过程。④read这个动作在just now（刚才）正在做。
3．一般过去时和现在完成时
① I learned Java Language at college.(强调过去动作事实)
② I have learned Java Language .(强调我学过，现在还掌握着，并有能力胜任某种工作，对现在有影响)
一般过去时态侧重于某动作在过去发生的事实，可以和具体的过去时在状语连用；现在完成时态所表示的事情发生的时间可能是过去，这个动作对现在产生了影响，或一直持续到现在的动作。
【经典考例】
①-Did you tidy your room?(2007上海)
-No, I was going to tidy my room but I__________visitors.
A. had B. have C. have hadD. will have
②Danny____________hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. (2007福建)
A, worksB. is working
C. has worked D. worked
解析：①仅表示当时有visitors，对现在没有任何影响；②work这个动作过去一直持续到现在，对现在造成影响，使“he is popular now”。
【即兴练笔】
③It’s said that the early European playing cards_________for entertainment and education. (2006辽宁)
A. were being designed B. have designed
C. have been designed D. were designed
④Although medical science__________control over several dangerous disease, what worries us is that some of them are returning.(2006江苏)
A. achieved B. has achieved
C. will achieveD. had achieved
4．完成时态和完成进行时态
① I have read David Copperfield.(完成)
② I have been reading David Copperfield.（还未完成，继续持续）
现在完成时态表示动作或状态的完成，而完成进行时态还会继续持续下去。
【经典考例】
①I got caught in the rain and my suit_________.(2007北京)
A. has ruined B. had ruined
C. has been ruinedD. had been ruined.
②Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical in class at Sunshine School, where she____________English for a year.(2007湖南)
A. studies B. studied
C. is studying D. has been studying
【即兴练笔】
③They_________on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we_______it as no needed results have been come out so far.(2005江苏)
A. had been working; are still working
B. had worked; were still working
C. have been working; have worked
D. have worked; are still working
④Now that she is out of a job, Lucy_________ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. (2004北京)
A. had consideredB. has been considering
C. consideredD. is going to consider
解析：①“my suit”被“ruin”是完成的动作，并说明对现在造成的影响，另外主语和谓语是动宾关系，故用现在完成被动语态；② Cathy在这个学校学习一年了，从第一句话可知他还在这儿学习，这个动作会持续下去，用完成进行时态。③从before I joined them可知，第一空用过去完成时，再从第二空可知，结果还没有出来，则表明work还会持续下去，故用过去完成进行时态.。④从but she hasn’t decided yet可知，这个动作会持续下去。
5．现在完成时态和过去完成时态
①I have been to Beijing for many times, so I know much about the city.
②I had been to Beijing for many times before I went to Beijing University.
③The train had left when I arrived at the railway station.
现在完成时态所表示的事情发生的时间可能是过去，这个动作对现在产生了影响，或一直持续到现在的动作，它强调现在；而过去完成时态则表示“过去的过去”，即语境中一定要有一个过去时间作为陪衬，然后以这个时间为基点向前推移的某个动作或状态，用过去完成时态。
【经典考例】
①-Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday?(2007重庆)
-Yes, he did. He__________his old friends for a long time.
A. didn’t see B. wouldn’t see
C. hasn’t seen D. hadn’t seen
②My friend, who__________on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month. (2006浙江)
A. servedB. is serving
C. had served D. has served
解析：①他“not see”his friend for a long time是发生在“he saw him yesterday”的以前，用过去完成时；②从“is retiring next month”可知 “serve…all his life”是指从过去到现在的动作，强调现在，用现在完成时。
【即兴练笔】
③At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement_________. (2007江苏)
A. has been reachedB. had been reached
C. has reached D. had reached
④The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. She_________before.(2006广东)
A. hasn’t flown B. didn’t fly
C. hadn’t flownD. wasn’t fly
二、抓住对话语境或题干中的“明确时间”
【经典考例】
①I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I________there several years’ ago. (2007全国Ⅰ)
A. are going B. had been
C. went D. have been
②-Have you handed in your school work yet?(2007辽宁)
-Yes， I have. I guess it_________now.
A. has gradedB. is graded
C. is being gradedD. is grading
③With the help of high technology, more and more new substances_________in the past years.(2007上海)
A. discovered
B. have discovered
C. had been discovered
D. have been discovered
④At this time tomorrow__________over the Atlantic.（2003 北京）
A. we’re going to flyB. we’ll be flying
C. we’ll flyD. we’re to fly
解析：①从several years’ ago可知为一般过去时态。② 从now及语境可知是现在进行时态，同时又是被动关系。③从时间状语in the past years可知是现在完成时态。④从时间状语At this time tomorrow可知是将来进行时态。
许多时态都有和它呼应的明显的时间状语连用，如一般过去时态可以和in 1890, two years ago, yesterday, last night等连用，现在时态则可以和now, these days, sometimes, often等连用，将来时态可以和tomorrow, the next week, some day等连用，完成时态就可以和before, since, in the last/past years, recently, so far, by+时间等连用，先确定现在、过去、将来三大时间范围，再根据语境提示及几组易混淆时态的用法，来判断具体的时态。
【即兴练笔】
⑤More than a dozen students in that school________abroad to study medicine last year.(2005上海)
A. sentB. were sent
C. has sentD. had been sent
⑥My brother is an actor. He_________in several films so far.(2005浙江)
A. appears B. appeared
C. has appeared D. is appearing
⑦-You look very tired.__________at all last night?(2006陕西)
-No, not really. I’m tired out now.
A. Do you sleepB. Were you sleeping
C. Did you sleepD. Had you slept
⑧The country life he was used to_________ greatly since 1992.(2005山东)
A. changeB. has changed
C. changing D. have changed
⑨An awful accident__________, however, occur the other day.(2000上海)
A. does B. did C. has to D. had to
三、提炼对话语境或题干中的“隐含时间”
①-Ouch! You hurt me!(2007江西)
-I’m sorry. But I_________any harm. I__________to drive a rat out.
A. didn’t mean; tried
B. don’t mean; am trying
C. haven’t meant; tried
D. didn’t mean; was trying
②They became friends again that day. Until then, they__________to each other for nearly 2 years.(2007安徽)
A. didn’t speak B. hadn’t spoken
C. haven’t spokenD. haven’t been spoken
③-It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home. （2007北京）
-Oh, don’t mention it. I____________past your house anyway.
A. was comingB. will come
C. had comeD. have come
④Months ago we sailed 10,000 miles across this open sea, which________ the Pacific, and we met no storms.(2005辽宁)
A. was calledB. is called
C. had been calledD. has been called
⑤-Thank goodness, you are here! What________you?
-Traffic jam. (NMET2004)
A. keeps C. is keeping
C. had keptD. kept
解析:①从语境来看，我是当时伤了你，应该为过去时间范畴。第一空仅表示事实，而第二空为前者提供更详细的背景、起铺垫作用，用过去进行时态。②从语境来看，他们not speak发生在became friends that day 之前，故为过去完成时态。③从上句语境来看，“I come past your house”是当时正发生动作，而不是此时此刻。④题干出现的都是过去时态，很容易误选A，但仔细琢磨一下，被叫做“the Pacific”是目前的客观事实，应为一般现在时态的被动语态。⑤根据语境，现在这声音正是“邻居正在准备party”发出的声音。
高考中对时态语态的考查多数题是在没有明确的时间状语情况下通过语境来体现的，这就要求学生要善于根据上下句句意和语境，提炼其中的动作发生的时间点，再根据各种时态的用法确定其答案。
【即兴练笔】
⑥-What’s that terrible noise?（2004北京）
-The neighbors________for a party.
A. have preparedB. are preparing
C. prepare D. will prepare
⑦When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what__________.(2007四川)
A. have markedB. have been marked
C. had markedD. had been marked
⑧Listen to the 2 girls by the window. What language__________?
A. did they speakB. were they speaking
C. are they speaking D. have they been speaking
⑨-Sorry, Joe. I didn’t mean to… (NMET2003)
-Don’t call me “Joe”. I’m Mr. Peter to you, and________you forget it!
A. doB. didn’tC. did D. don’t
⑩-Why did you leave that position?(2005北京）
-I__________a better position at IBM
A. offerB. offered
C. am offeredD. was offered
四、掌握主从句时态的呼应、并列句时态的暗示、固定句型中时态的固定用法
①-How can I apply for an online course?
(2007北京)
-Just fill out this form and we_________what we can do for you.
A. see B. are seeing
C. have seenD. will see
②The play had already been on for quite some time when we________at the New Theater.(2007浙江)
A. have arrived B. arrived
C. had arrived D. arrive
③The flowers were so lovely that they__________in no time. (2007全国Ⅰ)
A. sold B. had been sold
C. were sold D. would sell
④Send my regards to your lovely wife when you_________home.(2006上海)
A. wroteB. will write
C. have writtenD. write
⑤I_________along the street looking for a place to park when the accident .(2006安徽)
A. went; was occurring
B. went; occurred
C. was going; occurred
D. was going; had occurred
⑥By the time Jane gets home, her aunt__________for London to attend a meeting. (2005天津)
A. will leaveB. leaves
C. will have leftD. left
⑦Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didn’t want her parents to know what she_________. (2005辽宁)
A. has doneB. had done
C. was doing D. is doing
解析:①固定句型：祈使句+and/or/otherwise+陈述句（将来时态）。②由主句had already been可推出从句肯定是过去时态。③主从句呼应，都是一般过去时态。④由when, as soon as, if等引导的时间状语从句和条件状语从句，应用一般时态表达将来概念。⑤用连词when引导的并列分句，第一分句常用进行时态或be about to do(将来时态),第二分句常用一般时态表达。⑥by+时间状语（从句），句子或主句用完成时态，而by引导的时间状语从句用一般时态表达将来动作。⑦主句如果是过去时态，宾语从句一定是过去时间范畴（除非是客观真理），可以排除答案A和D，再根据语境可知表示那时正做的事。
英语句子中有很多固定结构，时态也有固定套路或原则，掌握这些用法，也是破解时态语态题的关键所在。
【即兴练笔】
⑧-Hurry up！Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.(2005江西)
-Oh! I thought they___________without me.
A. wentB. are going
C. have goneD. had gone
⑨It_________long before we the result of the experiment.（2002上海春）
A. will not be; will know B. is; will know
C. will not be; know D. is; know
⑩-Do you know our town at all?
-No, this is the first time that I_________here. (MET1992)
A. wasB. am coming
C. came D. have come
11.Come and see me whenever________ .(2003北京)
A. you are convenient
B. you will be convenient
C. it is convenient to you
D. it will be convenient to you
五、吃透各种将来时态表示法的异同之处
①In a room above the store, where a party__________, some workers were busily setting the table.(2006湖南)
A. was to be held B. had been held
C. will be heldD. is being held
②Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026___________off at 18:20. (2006四川)
A. takes B. took
C. will be taken D. has taken
③Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane________. (2006福建)
A. takes off B. is taking off
C. has taken offD. took off
④-Did you tell Julia about the results? (2005全国Ⅱ)
-Oh, no, I forgot. I___________her now.
A. will be callingB. will call
C. callD. am to call
⑤In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they_________.（2001上海）
A. have survived B. are to survive
C. would surviveD. will survive
解析：①从语境来看，此句应为过去将来时态的被动语态。②一般时态表达将来，一般用于列入日程表，不能改变的将来动作，常用在航班、火车、班车等，与具体时间点连用。③进行时态表达将来时态，常用于按计划将要发生的动作，趋向转移的动词（go, come, leave, rush等）居多。④will/shall引导的将来时态，仅表示对将来的预测或临时的决定。⑤if引导的条件状语从句不能用将来时态表达，但可以和be to do连用，表示“一定，必须”。
六种表示将来时态的用法有它们的异同之处，请注意区分他们在不同语境中的使用。
【即兴练笔】
⑥-What are you going to do this afternoon?(2005重庆)
-I’m going to the cinema with some friends.The film________quite early, so we_______to the bookstore after that.
A. finishes; are going B. finished; go
C. finishes; are goingD. finishes; go
⑦Hundreds of jobs_________if the factory closes. (2001北京春）
A. lose B. will be lost
C. are lost D. will lose
⑧I’ve won a holiday for two weeks to Florida. I_________my mum.(2001北京春）
A. am takingB. have taken
C. take D. will have taken
⑨I felt it is your husband who_______for the spoiled child.(2004上海）
A. is to blame B. is going to blame
C. is to be blamedD. should blame
⑩-You’ve left the light on.(NMET2000)
-Oh, so I have.________and turn it off.
A. I’ll goB. I’ve gone
C. I go D. I’m going
六、结合主谓一致、倒装、虚拟等其他知识综合考查
①We live day by day, but in great things, the time of days and weeks________so small that a day is unimportant. (2007湖南)
A. is B. areC. has been D. have been
②They______2 free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go.(2007山东)
A. had got B. got C. have gotD. get
③So difficult_________it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. (2006广东)
A. I have foundB. have I found
C. I did findD. did I find
④-Did Linda see the traffic accident?(2006天津)
-No, no sooner________than it happened.
A. had she gone B. she had gone
C. has she gone D. she has gone
解析：①此句是现在时态，主语为the time。②从后面句子的虚拟谓语（’d never have been）来看，是指过去时间。③和④根据语境，结合倒装。
掌握主谓一致原则、倒装、虚拟等其它综合知识也是破解时态语态的关键之一。
【即兴练笔】
⑤The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third______used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long.(2006浙江)
A. is B. areC. wasD. were
⑥-It’s burning hot today, isn’t it?(2006福建)
-Yes._________yesterday.
A. So was itB. So it was
C. So it is D. So is it
⑦-If the traffic hadn’t been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o’clock. (2005湖南)
-What a pity! Tina_________-here to see you.
A. is B. was C. would be D. has been
⑧Only then_________how much damage had been caused.（2006陕西）
A. she realizedB. she had realized
C. has she realized D. did she realize
⑨I have been living in the U.S for 20 years, but seldom________so lonely as now.(2007辽宁)
A. have I feltB. I have felt
C. I have feltD. had I felt
(审稿：马燕编校：杨守良)
一、明确几组易混时态的用法
1．一般现在时态和现在进行时态
①Light travels much faster than sound. (客观事实)
②She is visiting Canada.（现阶段正在做）
③-Do you live here? （目前状况）
-No. I’m visiting my old friends these days. （现阶段正在做，体现暂时性）
④I sometimes work until dawn.（经常会习惯性动作）
一般现在时态表示目前经常发生或习惯性的动作，表示客观事实、主语目前的特征、状况、能力等。现在进行时态表示说话人正在进行的动作或现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定正在进行的动作，体现它的暂时性。
【经典考例】（下划线为答案）
①The house belongs to my aunt but she___________here any more.(2006全国Ⅰ)
A. hasn’t lived B. didn’t live
C. hadn’t livedD. doesn’t live
②-I don’t suppose the police know who did it. (2006江苏)
-Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and_________now.
A. has been questionedB. is being questioned
C. is questioning D. had questioned
【即兴练笔】
③I________ ping-pang quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.(NMET2001)
A. will playB. have played
C. played D. play
④I don’t really work here. I_________until the new secretary arrives.(NMET1994)
A. just help out B. have just helped out
C. am just helping out D. will just help out
解析：①和③表明了主语目前的状况和能力，用一般现在时态。②表示此刻正在进行的动作，又因是被动关系，用现在进行时态的被动语态，④表示现阶段正在做而说话时不一定正在进行的动作，体现它的暂时性。
2．一般过去时态和过去进行时态
① Yesterday I was writing a report and now I’m continuing to write it. （未完成）
② Yesterday I wrote a report and now I’m typing it. （完成）
③ When you phoned I was talking with my foreign teacher.
(一般过去时态表示短暂的某一动作；过去进行时态为前者提供背景、起铺垫作用)
一般过去时态侧重于某动作在过去发生的事实，体现动作的完成性；过去进行时态表示动作在过去某时或某阶段正在进行或说话时不一定正在进行的动作，体现它的未完成性和持续性。
【经典考例】
①-I saw Jane and her boyfriend in the park at 8 yesterday evening.(2007福建)
-Impossible. She_________TV with me in my home then.
A. watched B. had watched
C. would watch D. was watching
② I__________you not to move my dictionary——now I can’t find it.(2004全国II)
A. asked B. was asking
C. ask D. had asked
【即兴练笔】
③-Has Sam finished his homework today?(NMET2004)
-I have no idea. He__________it this morning.
A. didB. had done
C. was doingD. had done
④-Did you see a man in black pass by just now? (2007四川)
-No, sir, I__________a newspaper.
A. readB. was reading
C. would readD. am reading
解析：①表示watch这个动作在at yesterday evening正在做，②仅强调过去动作的事实，表示“已经告诉过”；③从“I have no idea”及“this morning”可知“do the homework”并未完成，强调动作的持续过程。④read这个动作在just now（刚才）正在做。
3．一般过去时和现在完成时
① I learned Java Language at college.(强调过去动作事实)
② I have learned Java Language .(强调我学过，现在还掌握着，并有能力胜任某种工作，对现在有影响)
一般过去时态侧重于某动作在过去发生的事实，可以和具体的过去时在状语连用；现在完成时态所表示的事情发生的时间可能是过去，这个动作对现在产生了影响，或一直持续到现在的动作。
【经典考例】
①-Did you tidy your room?(2007上海)
-No, I was going to tidy my room but I__________visitors.
A. had B. have C. have hadD. will have
②Danny____________hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. (2007福建)
A, worksB. is working
C. has worked D. worked
解析：①仅表示当时有visitors，对现在没有任何影响；②work这个动作过去一直持续到现在，对现在造成影响，使“he is popular now”。
【即兴练笔】
③It’s said that the early European playing cards_________for entertainment and education. (2006辽宁)
A. were being designed B. have designed
C. have been designed D. were designed
④Although medical science__________control over several dangerous disease, what worries us is that some of them are returning.(2006江苏)
A. achieved B. has achieved
C. will achieveD. had achieved
4．完成时态和完成进行时态
① I have read David Copperfield.(完成)
② I have been reading David Copperfield.（还未完成，继续持续）
现在完成时态表示动作或状态的完成，而完成进行时态还会继续持续下去。
【经典考例】
①I got caught in the rain and my suit_________.(2007北京)
A. has ruined B. had ruined
C. has been ruinedD. had been ruined.
②Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical in class at Sunshine School, where she____________English for a year.(2007湖南)
A. studies B. studied
C. is studying D. has been studying
【即兴练笔】
③They_________on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we_______it as no needed results have been come out so far.(2005江苏)
A. had been working; are still working
B. had worked; were still working
C. have been working; have worked
D. have worked; are still working
④Now that she is out of a job, Lucy_________ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. (2004北京)
A. had consideredB. has been considering
C. consideredD. is going to consider
解析：①“my suit”被“ruin”是完成的动作，并说明对现在造成的影响，另外主语和谓语是动宾关系，故用现在完成被动语态；② Cathy在这个学校学习一年了，从第一句话可知他还在这儿学习，这个动作会持续下去，用完成进行时态。③从before I joined them可知，第一空用过去完成时，再从第二空可知，结果还没有出来，则表明work还会持续下去，故用过去完成进行时态.。④从but she hasn’t decided yet可知，这个动作会持续下去。
5．现在完成时态和过去完成时态
①I have been to Beijing for many times, so I know much about the city.
②I had been to Beijing for many times before I went to Beijing University.
③The train had left when I arrived at the railway station.
现在完成时态所表示的事情发生的时间可能是过去，这个动作对现在产生了影响，或一直持续到现在的动作，它强调现在；而过去完成时态则表示“过去的过去”，即语境中一定要有一个过去时间作为陪衬，然后以这个时间为基点向前推移的某个动作或状态，用过去完成时态。
【经典考例】
①-Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday?(2007重庆)
-Yes, he did. He__________his old friends for a long time.
A. didn’t see B. wouldn’t see
C. hasn’t seen D. hadn’t seen
②My friend, who__________on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month. (2006浙江)
A. servedB. is serving
C. had served D. has served
解析：①他“not see”his friend for a long time是发生在“he saw him yesterday”的以前，用过去完成时；②从“is retiring next month”可知 “serve…all his life”是指从过去到现在的动作，强调现在，用现在完成时。
【即兴练笔】
③At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement_________. (2007江苏)
A. has been reachedB. had been reached
C. has reached D. had reached
④The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. She_________before.(2006广东)
A. hasn’t flown B. didn’t fly
C. hadn’t flownD. wasn’t fly
二、抓住对话语境或题干中的“明确时间”
【经典考例】
①I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I________there several years’ ago. (2007全国Ⅰ)
A. are going B. had been
C. went D. have been
②-Have you handed in your school work yet?(2007辽宁)
-Yes， I have. I guess it_________now.
A. has gradedB. is graded
C. is being gradedD. is grading
③With the help of high technology, more and more new substances_________in the past years.(2007上海)
A. discovered
B. have discovered
C. had been discovered
D. have been discovered
④At this time tomorrow__________over the Atlantic.（2003 北京）
A. we’re going to flyB. we’ll be flying
C. we’ll flyD. we’re to fly
解析：①从several years’ ago可知为一般过去时态。② 从now及语境可知是现在进行时态，同时又是被动关系。③从时间状语in the past years可知是现在完成时态。④从时间状语At this time tomorrow可知是将来进行时态。
许多时态都有和它呼应的明显的时间状语连用，如一般过去时态可以和in 1890, two years ago, yesterday, last night等连用，现在时态则可以和now, these days, sometimes, often等连用，将来时态可以和tomorrow, the next week, some day等连用，完成时态就可以和before, since, in the last/past years, recently, so far, by+时间等连用，先确定现在、过去、将来三大时间范围，再根据语境提示及几组易混淆时态的用法，来判断具体的时态。
【即兴练笔】
⑤More than a dozen students in that school________abroad to study medicine last year.(2005上海)
A. sentB. were sent
C. has sentD. had been sent
⑥My brother is an actor. He_________in several films so far.(2005浙江)
A. appears B. appeared
C. has appeared D. is appearing
⑦-You look very tired.__________at all last night?(2006陕西)
-No, not really. I’m tired out now.
A. Do you sleepB. Were you sleeping
C. Did you sleepD. Had you slept
⑧The country life he was used to_________ greatly since 1992.(2005山东)
A. changeB. has changed
C. changing D. have changed
⑨An awful accident__________, however, occur the other day.(2000上海)
A. does B. did C. has to D. had to
三、提炼对话语境或题干中的“隐含时间”
①-Ouch! You hurt me!(2007江西)
-I’m sorry. But I_________any harm. I__________to drive a rat out.
A. didn’t mean; tried
B. don’t mean; am trying
C. haven’t meant; tried
D. didn’t mean; was trying
②They became friends again that day. Until then, they__________to each other for nearly 2 years.(2007安徽)
A. didn’t speak B. hadn’t spoken
C. haven’t spokenD. haven’t been spoken
③-It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home. （2007北京）
-Oh, don’t mention it. I____________past your house anyway.
A. was comingB. will come
C. had comeD. have come
④Months ago we sailed 10,000 miles across this open sea, which________ the Pacific, and we met no storms.(2005辽宁)
A. was calledB. is called
C. had been calledD. has been called
⑤-Thank goodness, you are here! What________you?
-Traffic jam. (NMET2004)
A. keeps C. is keeping
C. had keptD. kept
解析:①从语境来看，我是当时伤了你，应该为过去时间范畴。第一空仅表示事实，而第二空为前者提供更详细的背景、起铺垫作用，用过去进行时态。②从语境来看，他们not speak发生在became friends that day 之前，故为过去完成时态。③从上句语境来看，“I come past your house”是当时正发生动作，而不是此时此刻。④题干出现的都是过去时态，很容易误选A，但仔细琢磨一下，被叫做“the Pacific”是目前的客观事实，应为一般现在时态的被动语态。⑤根据语境，现在这声音正是“邻居正在准备party”发出的声音。
高考中对时态语态的考查多数题是在没有明确的时间状语情况下通过语境来体现的，这就要求学生要善于根据上下句句意和语境，提炼其中的动作发生的时间点，再根据各种时态的用法确定其答案。
【即兴练笔】
⑥-What’s that terrible noise?（2004北京）
-The neighbors________for a party.
A. have preparedB. are preparing
C. prepare D. will prepare
⑦When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what__________.(2007四川)
A. have markedB. have been marked
C. had markedD. had been marked
⑧Listen to the 2 girls by the window. What language__________?
A. did they speakB. were they speaking
C. are they speaking D. have they been speaking
⑨-Sorry, Joe. I didn’t mean to… (NMET2003)
-Don’t call me “Joe”. I’m Mr. Peter to you, and________you forget it!
A. doB. didn’tC. did D. don’t
⑩-Why did you leave that position?(2005北京）
-I__________a better position at IBM
A. offerB. offered
C. am offeredD. was offered
四、掌握主从句时态的呼应、并列句时态的暗示、固定句型中时态的固定用法
①-How can I apply for an online course?
(2007北京)
-Just fill out this form and we_________what we can do for you.
A. see B. are seeing
C. have seenD. will see
②The play had already been on for quite some time when we________at the New Theater.(2007浙江)
A. have arrived B. arrived
C. had arrived D. arrive
③The flowers were so lovely that they__________in no time. (2007全国Ⅰ)
A. sold B. had been sold
C. were sold D. would sell
④Send my regards to your lovely wife when you_________home.(2006上海)
A. wroteB. will write
C. have writtenD. write
⑤I_________along the street looking for a place to park when the accident .(2006安徽)
A. went; was occurring
B. went; occurred
C. was going; occurred
D. was going; had occurred
⑥By the time Jane gets home, her aunt__________for London to attend a meeting. (2005天津)
A. will leaveB. leaves
C. will have leftD. left
⑦Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didn’t want her parents to know what she_________. (2005辽宁)
A. has doneB. had done
C. was doing D. is doing
解析:①固定句型：祈使句+and/or/otherwise+陈述句（将来时态）。②由主句had already been可推出从句肯定是过去时态。③主从句呼应，都是一般过去时态。④由when, as soon as, if等引导的时间状语从句和条件状语从句，应用一般时态表达将来概念。⑤用连词when引导的并列分句，第一分句常用进行时态或be about to do(将来时态),第二分句常用一般时态表达。⑥by+时间状语（从句），句子或主句用完成时态，而by引导的时间状语从句用一般时态表达将来动作。⑦主句如果是过去时态，宾语从句一定是过去时间范畴（除非是客观真理），可以排除答案A和D，再根据语境可知表示那时正做的事。
英语句子中有很多固定结构，时态也有固定套路或原则，掌握这些用法，也是破解时态语态题的关键所在。
【即兴练笔】
⑧-Hurry up！Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.(2005江西)
-Oh! I thought they___________without me.
A. wentB. are going
C. have goneD. had gone
⑨It_________long before we the result of the experiment.（2002上海春）
A. will not be; will know B. is; will know
C. will not be; know D. is; know
⑩-Do you know our town at all?
-No, this is the first time that I_________here. (MET1992)
A. wasB. am coming
C. came D. have come
11.Come and see me whenever________ .(2003北京)
A. you are convenient
B. you will be convenient
C. it is convenient to you
D. it will be convenient to you
五、吃透各种将来时态表示法的异同之处
①In a room above the store, where a party__________, some workers were busily setting the table.(2006湖南)
A. was to be held B. had been held
C. will be heldD. is being held
②Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026___________off at 18:20. (2006四川)
A. takes B. took
C. will be taken D. has taken
③Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane________. (2006福建)
A. takes off B. is taking off
C. has taken offD. took off
④-Did you tell Julia about the results? (2005全国Ⅱ)
-Oh, no, I forgot. I___________her now.
A. will be callingB. will call
C. callD. am to call
⑤In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they_________.（2001上海）
A. have survived B. are to survive
C. would surviveD. will survive
解析：①从语境来看，此句应为过去将来时态的被动语态。②一般时态表达将来，一般用于列入日程表，不能改变的将来动作，常用在航班、火车、班车等，与具体时间点连用。③进行时态表达将来时态，常用于按计划将要发生的动作，趋向转移的动词（go, come, leave, rush等）居多。④will/shall引导的将来时态，仅表示对将来的预测或临时的决定。⑤if引导的条件状语从句不能用将来时态表达，但可以和be to do连用，表示“一定，必须”。
六种表示将来时态的用法有它们的异同之处，请注意区分他们在不同语境中的使用。
【即兴练笔】
⑥-What are you going to do this afternoon?(2005重庆)
-I’m going to the cinema with some friends.The film________quite early, so we_______to the bookstore after that.
A. finishes; are going B. finished; go
C. finishes; are goingD. finishes; go
⑦Hundreds of jobs_________if the factory closes. (2001北京春）
A. lose B. will be lost
C. are lost D. will lose
⑧I’ve won a holiday for two weeks to Florida. I_________my mum.(2001北京春）
A. am takingB. have taken
C. take D. will have taken
⑨I felt it is your husband who_______for the spoiled child.(2004上海）
A. is to blame B. is going to blame
C. is to be blamedD. should blame
⑩-You’ve left the light on.(NMET2000)
-Oh, so I have.________and turn it off.
A. I’ll goB. I’ve gone
C. I go D. I’m going
六、结合主谓一致、倒装、虚拟等其他知识综合考查
①We live day by day, but in great things, the time of days and weeks________so small that a day is unimportant. (2007湖南)
A. is B. areC. has been D. have been
②They______2 free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go.(2007山东)
A. had got B. got C. have gotD. get
③So difficult_________it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. (2006广东)
A. I have foundB. have I found
C. I did findD. did I find
④-Did Linda see the traffic accident?(2006天津)
-No, no sooner________than it happened.
A. had she gone B. she had gone
C. has she gone D. she has gone
解析：①此句是现在时态，主语为the time。②从后面句子的虚拟谓语（’d never have been）来看，是指过去时间。③和④根据语境，结合倒装。
掌握主谓一致原则、倒装、虚拟等其它综合知识也是破解时态语态的关键之一。
【即兴练笔】
⑤The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third______used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long.(2006浙江)
A. is B. areC. wasD. were
⑥-It’s burning hot today, isn’t it?(2006福建)
-Yes._________yesterday.
A. So was itB. So it was
C. So it is D. So is it
⑦-If the traffic hadn’t been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o’clock. (2005湖南)
-What a pity! Tina_________-here to see you.
A. is B. was C. would be D. has been
⑧Only then_________how much damage had been caused.（2006陕西）
A. she realizedB. she had realized
C. has she realized D. did she realize
⑨I have been living in the U.S for 20 years, but seldom________so lonely as now.(2007辽宁)
A. have I feltB. I have felt
C. I have feltD. had I felt
(审稿：马燕编校：杨守良)