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甘肃为古代丝绸之路的重要通道,留存有各类丰富的古代文化遗存,其中佛教石窟寺更表现了中西文化交流融汇的历史情况。甘肃现存的石窟寺除著名的敦煌莫高窟、永靖炳灵寺、天水麦积山等大型石窟外,在河西、陇中、陇东、陇南等地域还有很多中小型石窟寺。通过分析甘肃石窟寺的分布情况,我们发现来地理因素对佛教石窟寺分布具有重要影响,它决定了佛教特别是佛教石窟寺文化的传播方向。佛教传播与石窟寺的分布与地理环境有密不可分的关系。
Gansu is an important channel for the ancient Silk Road, retaining all kinds of rich ancient cultural relics. Among them, the Buddhist cave temple shows the historical integration of Chinese and Western cultures. Except for the famous large cave grottoes at Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, Yongjing Bingling Temple and Maijishan Mountain in Gansu, there are many small and medium-sized cave temples in Hexi, Longzhong, Longdong and Longnan. By analyzing the distribution of Grottoes in Gansu Province, we find that the geographical factors have an important influence on the distribution of Grottoes. It determines the direction of Buddhism, especially the culture of Grottoes. The spread of Buddhism and the distribution of cave temples are closely related to the geographical environment.