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[目的]分析地震灾后早期心理状况及心理需求。[方法]对124例地震灾民在受灾后1月内进行症状自评量表测量及心理访谈。[结果]在震后早期受灾群众便出现不同程度的心理应激反应,主要表现为焦虑、恐惧,甚至幻觉等。主要心理需求是安全感、基本生活保障、信息、归属感、爱的需求。[结论]救援人员和医务人员是与灾后群众接触最早的人群,在救援的同时,掌握受灾群众的心理需求并依据特定对象把握危机干预的原则,有效的对受灾群众进行早期心理危机干预,帮助受灾群众走出危机。
[Objective] To analyze the early psychological state and psychological needs after the earthquake. [Method] The 124 earthquake victims were measured and psychologically interviewed within 1 month after the disaster. [Results] There were different degrees of psychological stress response to the affected people in the early post-earthquake period, mainly including anxiety, fear and even hallucinations. The main psychological needs are security, basic living security, information, belonging, love needs. [Conclusions] Rescue workers and medical workers are the earliest people to contact with post-disaster people. At the same time of rescue, they should master the psychological needs of the affected people and grasp the principle of crisis intervention according to specific targets, so as to effectively intervene the affected people in early psychological crisis and help Affected people out of the crisis.