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形容词和副词的比较等级用于句子中便形成比较结构。英语中的比较结构主要有三种:“as…as”结构,“more…than”结构,“the most…”结构。
一、“as…as”结构
1.这种结构的基本模式是:as+形容词或副词原级+as分句。例如:
John is as clever as Bob. 约翰和鲍勃一样聪明。
这种结构的否定形式是:
John is not as/so clever as Bob. 约翰没有鲍勃聪明。
由上面例子可以看出,在带有“as…as”结构的句子中,通常是主句和as分句的主语不同,而比较项目相同。如上例中是就约翰和鲍勃的聪明程度进行比较。这是“as…as”结构的最基本用法。此外,此结构也可能主语相同,而比较项目不同。例如:
The girl is as clever as she is beautiful. 这姑娘既聪明又漂亮。
He is not as wise as he is witty. 他为人风趣,但欠明智。
2.“as…as”结构的另一种模式:as much/many+名词+as分句。例如:
He drank as much water as he needed. 他想喝多少水就喝多少。
She has written as many essays as her brother (has). 她写了和她哥哥一样多的文章。
其否定形式为:
He didn’t drink as much water as he needed. 他没有喝足够的水。
She hasn’t written as many essays as her brother (has). 她写的文章没有她哥哥多。
3.“as…as”结构还有一个变体形式,即as+形容词原级+名词词组+as分句(其实是由其基本模式转换而来的)。例如:
I don’t want as expensive a car as this one.
=I don’t want a car as expensive as this one. 我不想要像这辆这么贵的汽车。
二、“more…than”结构
1.这种结构的基本模式是:形容词或副词的比较级+than分句。例如:
This parcel is heavier than that one. 这个包裹比那个重。
这种结构的否定形式用“less…than”表示:
This parcel is less heavy than that one. 这个包裹没有那个重。
(=This parcel is not as/so heavy as that one.)
2.“more…than”结构的另一种模式是:more/less/fewer+名词+than。例如:
She has written more essays than her brother (has). 她比她哥哥写的文章多。
I spent less money on clothing than my sister (did). 我花在衣服上的钱没有我妹妹多。
3.“more…than”结构的变体形式:形容词比较级+名词+than分句。例如:
John is a cleverer student than Jack. 约翰是一个比杰克聪明的学生。
4.“more…than”结构的另一种变体形式是:定冠词+形容词或副词比较级+of+词组。例如:
Jim is the cleverer of the two boys.吉姆是两个男孩中较聪明的一个。
三、“(the)+形容词或副词最高级+比较范围”结构
如果是三个或三个以上的人或物进行比较,就要使用形容词或副词最高级。例如:
The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。
John is the cleverest of the three boys. 约翰是三个男孩中最聪明的。
This is the most interesting book I have ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。
由上述诸例可以看出,表示“最高级”的意义,通常都要有一个“比较范围”。表示比较范围可以用介词词组,如in the world, of the three boys,也可用关系分句,如:I have ever read.
在一定的上下文中,最高级含义也可用其他结构来表示,比如用“more than”结构表示:
John is cleverer than any other boy in his class. 约翰比班上其他男孩都聪明。
=John is the cleverest boy in his class. 约翰是班上最聪明的男孩。
也可用“as…as”结构,和“否定词+比较级”来表示。例如:
Nothing in my life shook me as/so deeply as my first visit to China.
在我生命中没有比我第一次到中国更令我震撼的事了。
=My first visit to China shook me the most deeply. 我第一次到中国令我震撼最大。
I like nothing better. 我其他没什么更喜欢的啦!
=It’s the best thing I like. 我最喜欢这个。
It can’t be worse. 没有比这更糟糕的。
=It’s the worst thing I’ve ever known. 这是我知道的最糟糕的事了。
练习:
1. Drive ____ ____ ____ you can. (fast)
2. His new book is much ____ ____ ____ his last. (interesting)
3. You’re ____ ____ ____ person I have met. (interesting)
4. I will drive a little ________ you do, so I can get there first. (fast)
5. Mary is ________ of the two. (nice)
6. Honey is just ________ ____ sugar. (sweet)
7. Which job is ________, a policeman’s or a fireman’s? (dangerous)
8. What is ________ story you have ever heard? (funny)
9. Is your mother any ____ ____? (relax)
10. Can you come ________ you usually do? (early)
Key:1.as fast as 2.more interesting than 3.the most interesting4.faster than5.the nicer6.as sweet as 7.more dangerous 8.the funniest9.more relaxed 10.earlier than
一、“as…as”结构
1.这种结构的基本模式是:as+形容词或副词原级+as分句。例如:
John is as clever as Bob. 约翰和鲍勃一样聪明。
这种结构的否定形式是:
John is not as/so clever as Bob. 约翰没有鲍勃聪明。
由上面例子可以看出,在带有“as…as”结构的句子中,通常是主句和as分句的主语不同,而比较项目相同。如上例中是就约翰和鲍勃的聪明程度进行比较。这是“as…as”结构的最基本用法。此外,此结构也可能主语相同,而比较项目不同。例如:
The girl is as clever as she is beautiful. 这姑娘既聪明又漂亮。
He is not as wise as he is witty. 他为人风趣,但欠明智。
2.“as…as”结构的另一种模式:as much/many+名词+as分句。例如:
He drank as much water as he needed. 他想喝多少水就喝多少。
She has written as many essays as her brother (has). 她写了和她哥哥一样多的文章。
其否定形式为:
He didn’t drink as much water as he needed. 他没有喝足够的水。
She hasn’t written as many essays as her brother (has). 她写的文章没有她哥哥多。
3.“as…as”结构还有一个变体形式,即as+形容词原级+名词词组+as分句(其实是由其基本模式转换而来的)。例如:
I don’t want as expensive a car as this one.
=I don’t want a car as expensive as this one. 我不想要像这辆这么贵的汽车。
二、“more…than”结构
1.这种结构的基本模式是:形容词或副词的比较级+than分句。例如:
This parcel is heavier than that one. 这个包裹比那个重。
这种结构的否定形式用“less…than”表示:
This parcel is less heavy than that one. 这个包裹没有那个重。
(=This parcel is not as/so heavy as that one.)
2.“more…than”结构的另一种模式是:more/less/fewer+名词+than。例如:
She has written more essays than her brother (has). 她比她哥哥写的文章多。
I spent less money on clothing than my sister (did). 我花在衣服上的钱没有我妹妹多。
3.“more…than”结构的变体形式:形容词比较级+名词+than分句。例如:
John is a cleverer student than Jack. 约翰是一个比杰克聪明的学生。
4.“more…than”结构的另一种变体形式是:定冠词+形容词或副词比较级+of+词组。例如:
Jim is the cleverer of the two boys.吉姆是两个男孩中较聪明的一个。
三、“(the)+形容词或副词最高级+比较范围”结构
如果是三个或三个以上的人或物进行比较,就要使用形容词或副词最高级。例如:
The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。
John is the cleverest of the three boys. 约翰是三个男孩中最聪明的。
This is the most interesting book I have ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。
由上述诸例可以看出,表示“最高级”的意义,通常都要有一个“比较范围”。表示比较范围可以用介词词组,如in the world, of the three boys,也可用关系分句,如:I have ever read.
在一定的上下文中,最高级含义也可用其他结构来表示,比如用“more than”结构表示:
John is cleverer than any other boy in his class. 约翰比班上其他男孩都聪明。
=John is the cleverest boy in his class. 约翰是班上最聪明的男孩。
也可用“as…as”结构,和“否定词+比较级”来表示。例如:
Nothing in my life shook me as/so deeply as my first visit to China.
在我生命中没有比我第一次到中国更令我震撼的事了。
=My first visit to China shook me the most deeply. 我第一次到中国令我震撼最大。
I like nothing better. 我其他没什么更喜欢的啦!
=It’s the best thing I like. 我最喜欢这个。
It can’t be worse. 没有比这更糟糕的。
=It’s the worst thing I’ve ever known. 这是我知道的最糟糕的事了。
练习:
1. Drive ____ ____ ____ you can. (fast)
2. His new book is much ____ ____ ____ his last. (interesting)
3. You’re ____ ____ ____ person I have met. (interesting)
4. I will drive a little ________ you do, so I can get there first. (fast)
5. Mary is ________ of the two. (nice)
6. Honey is just ________ ____ sugar. (sweet)
7. Which job is ________, a policeman’s or a fireman’s? (dangerous)
8. What is ________ story you have ever heard? (funny)
9. Is your mother any ____ ____? (relax)
10. Can you come ________ you usually do? (early)
Key:1.as fast as 2.more interesting than 3.the most interesting4.faster than5.the nicer6.as sweet as 7.more dangerous 8.the funniest9.more relaxed 10.earlier than