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[背景]美国国家科学院国家研究委员会(NRC)最近公布了一项报告——《21世纪的暴露科学:远景和策略(Exposure Science in the 21st Century:A Vision and a Strategy)》。撰写该报告的专家委员会成员包括来自生态学、化学、暴露科学、毒理学、公共卫生、生物伦理学、工程学、医学和政策方面的专业人士。[目的]为环境和公共卫生领域的科学界人士提供信息,使他们能够更全面地认识这一愿景,并了解为推进这个愿景所制定的框架。[讨论]虽然该NRC报告受美国环境保护署和美国国家环境卫生科学研究所之委托,但该报告完全是由独立的志愿者委员会达成的共识,其研究结果经过NRC严格的同行评议。除了回顾暴露科学的历史和现状,该报告也勾画了暴露科学未来的愿景,并对短期和长期的目标提出建议。[结论]为了实现NRC报告中所提出的愿景,研究人员需要利用各种资源完成研究、开发和应用暴露分析,并建立与个体和群体暴露相关的数据库,同时培养新一代的暴露科学家。尽管本述评中引用了该报告的一些重要摘录和释义,但总的观点和意见都是本文作者自己提出的。
[Background] The National Academy of Sciences National Research Council (NRC) recently published a report, Exposure Science in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy. The committee of experts that composed the report includes professionals from the fields of ecology, chemistry, science of exposure, toxicology, public health, bioethics, engineering, medicine and policy. [Purpose] To provide the scientific community in the field of environment and public health with information that gives them a more complete picture of this vision and a framework for advancing this vision. [DISCUSSION] Although the NRC report was commissioned by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the report was entirely a consensus reached by an independent volunteer committee whose findings have been rigorously peer reviewed by the NRC. In addition to reviewing the history and current status of science exposure, the report outlines the vision of exposing the future of science and makes recommendations for short-term and long-term goals. [Conclusion] To fulfill the vision outlined in the NRC report, researchers need to use various resources to conduct research, develop and apply exposure analyzes, and to create databases relevant to individual and group exposures, as well as to cultivate a new generation of exposed scientists. Although some important excerpts and definitions of the report are quoted in the review, the general opinions and opinions of the author are presented by the authors themselves.