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在不同碳当量和合金化下,浇注薄、厚两种不同结构尺寸的灰铸铁和球墨铸铁T型床身导轨试样,研究碳当量、残余应力、材质刚度、结构刚度等对床身精度及精度保持性的影响。结果表明:高碳当量下结合复合合金化和“阶梯式升温降温法”热时效可获得同时具有高抗拉强度、高弹性模量、低应力的铸铁件;相同结构下,低碳当量、未经合金化和热时效的1~#薄导轨与高碳当量、经复合合金化和热时效的2#薄导轨试样经三个月后,直线度分别增加了31.5μm和18.1μm,后者因具有高的材质刚度和低的残余应力,其直线度比前者变化缓慢且变化幅度小、精度保持性好;相同材质下,灰铸铁1~#、2~#薄导轨与3~#、4~#厚导轨试样的直线度分别为355.8、383.1μm和37.7、27.9μm,后者因其高的结构刚度,直线度比前者小约十倍;球墨铸铁5~#、6~#厚导轨试样具有高的材质刚度和结构刚度,其直线度分别为19.5、17.4μm,均小于其他试样,且后者略小于前者。
Under different carbon equivalent and alloying, two kinds of thin cast iron and ductile cast iron T-shaped bed rail specimen with different structural sizes were cast, and the effects of carbon equivalent, residual stress, material rigidity and structural rigidity on bed precision and The effect of accuracy retention. The results show that cast iron with high tensile strength, high elastic modulus and low stress can be obtained by combined alloying and “stepwise temperature-controlled cooling” method under high carbon equivalent. Under the same structure, low carbon equivalent , Without the alloyed and thermal aging of 1 ~ # thin guideway and high carbon equivalent, the composite alloying and thermal aging 2 # thin rail specimens after three months, the straightness increased by 31.5μm and 18.1μm, respectively, The latter because of the high material stiffness and low residual stress, the linear changes than the former slow and small changes in amplitude, accuracy and good retention; the same material, gray cast iron 1 ~ #, 2 ~ # thin rail and 3 ~ # , The straightness of 4 ~ # thick rail specimens were 355.8, 383.1μm and 37.7, 27.9μm respectively, the latter due to its high structural rigidity, the straightness is about ten times smaller than the former; ductile iron 5 ~ #, 6 ~ Thick rail specimens with high material stiffness and structural rigidity, the straightness of 19.5,17.4μm, respectively, are smaller than the other samples, and the latter is slightly smaller than the former.