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目的了解河南省城市高中学生吸烟、饮酒与易成瘾药物使用情况。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法抽取河南省4个省辖市24所高中的7144名学生进行调查。结果有41.74%的高中学生曾尝试吸烟,19.02%的学生在调查前的1个月内吸过烟,9.08%的学生在调查前1个月内经常吸烟。在不同家庭结构中生活的青少年,其吸烟率亦不同,双亲缺失(或未和父母在一起生活)家庭儿童现在吸烟率高于正常双亲家庭儿童。网络成瘾者及有不良心理情绪障碍集聚者其现在吸烟率均高于正常儿童;有75.10%的学生曾经喝过至少1杯酒,35.0%的学生在调查前1个月内喝过酒,18.6%的学生在调查前1 a内曾经醉酒;有6.49%的高中学生非咳嗽原因服用过止咳药水,有8.54%的学生在没有医生指导下曾经使用过安定等镇静催眠类药物,有0.69%的学生使用过非麻醉性镇痛药盐酸曲马多,有0.35%的学生服用过摇头丸。结论高中学生发生吸烟、饮酒和成瘾类药物滥用情况已不容忽视,必须引起全社会的关注和重视,学校、家庭、社会三者应有机结合,针对青少年不同性别、年龄特点,采取有效的干预措施。
Objective To understand the smoking, drinking and addictive drug use of urban high school students in Henan Province. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to investigate 7,144 students from 24 high schools in 4 provincial capitals of Henan Province. As a result, 41.74% of high school students tried smoking, 19.02% of students smoked cigarettes within a month before the survey, and 9.08% of students regularly smoked cigarettes within a month before the survey. Adolescents living in different family structures also have different rates of smoking, loss of parents (or not living with their parents), and family children now have higher rates of smoking than those of their normal parents. Internet addicts and those who have adverse mental and emotional disorders are now smoking higher than normal children; 75.10% of students had drank at least 1 glass of wine, 35.0% of students in the survey within 1 month before drinking alcohol, 18.6% of the students were drunk in the first 1 year of the survey, 6.49% of the high school students took cough medicine because of non-cough, 8.54% of the students used tranquilization and hypnosis drugs without the guidance of a doctor, 0.69% Of students used non-narcotic analgesics tramadol hydrochloride, 0.35% of students took ecstasy. Conclusions The incidence of smoking, drinking and addicting in senior high school students can not be neglected. It has to attract the attention and attention of the whole society. The school, family and society should be organically integrated, and effective intervention should be taken according to the gender and age characteristics of adolescents Measures.