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[目的]评价医学教育对哮喘患者的知识、自我管理及治疗的影响。[方法]选取2005年3月～2008年10月解放军117医院174例哮喘患者随机分为教育组和对照组,教育组87例,给予关于哮喘发病机制、治疗、诱发因素、自我管理计划等内容的医学教育;对照组87例,给予常规的治疗与护理,不进行专门的哮喘教育。[结果]在接受哮喘教育之前,绝大多数患者对哮喘症状都有一定认识,但有关哮喘发病机制及治疗知识了解较少,大多数患者认为β2受体激动剂是最主要的治疗药物,将激素作为缓解症状用药,且多为不规则用药,吸入激素技术错误较多。1年后重新调查,教育组患者哮喘相关知识的掌握程度和治疗依从性明显好于对照组(P﹤0.01)。[结论]医学教育能降低哮喘患者急性发作次数,年平均住院和病休天数,降低年医疗费用,改善患者生活质量。
[Objective] To evaluate the influence of medical education on asthma patients’ knowledge, self-management and treatment. [Methods] From March 2005 to October 2008, 174 patients with asthma in 117 hospitals of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army were randomly divided into education group and control group, 87 cases in education group, and were given about asthma pathogenesis, treatment, predisposing factors, self-management plan and so on Of the medical education; control group of 87 cases, given conventional treatment and care, without specialized asthma education. [Results] The majority of patients had some knowledge of asthma symptoms before receiving education on asthma. However, little is known about the pathogenesis and treatment of asthma. Most patients think β2 agonists are the most important therapeutic drugs. Hormone as a symptom relief medication, and mostly irregular medication, inhaled hormones more technical errors. After one year of re-investigation, the educational level of patients with asthma-related knowledge and treatment compliance was significantly better than the control group (P <0.01). [Conclusion] Medical education can reduce the number of acute exacerbations, annual average hospitalization and sick leave days, reduce the annual medical expenses and improve the quality of life of patients with asthma.