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在西周初期,禮是維持國家運轉的根本法則,也是衡量人們行爲規範的道德準繩,此時的禮體現出單一性的特徵。自春秋以降,諸侯争霸,干戈不息,原本作爲國家統治工具、國人行爲規範的禮也由單一性演變爲多重性。從《左傳》記載的朝聘、會盟等外交活動可以看出,禮在不同場合、不同時期分别表現出本真性、儀式性、功利性、嬗變性。究其原因,禮之多重性的産生和春秋時期的社會流動及其對當時的卿、大夫、士人産生的影響有關。
In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, courtesy was the fundamental law to keep the country running and the moral yardstick to measure people’s code of conduct. At this time, the courtesy showed a singular character. Since the Spring and Autumn Period, feudal hegemony, endless fighting, originally as a tool of state rule, norms of behavior of Chinese people evolved from unity to multiplicity. As can be seen from the diplomatic activities such as dynastic engagement and the League as recorded in Zuozhuan, the ceremony shows authenticity, ceremoniality, utilitarianism and transmutation on different occasions and in different periods respectively. The reason for this is that the multiplicity of courtesies is related to the social mobility in the Spring and Autumn Period and its impact on the then Qing, doctor, and scholar.