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目的了解天津市有害生物防治业(PCO)及从业人员的现状和存在问题,促进全市PCO公司的专业化与规范化发展。方法对在2010-2011年参加培训的165名PCO人员进行从业人员概况和虫媒防治知识知晓调查,各公司随机抽取1名从业人员进行PCO公司概况调查。结果天津市PCO人员年龄结构较年轻,仍有部分低文化水平者,从业年限较短,工资水平偏低。天津市PCO公司企业规模小,市场覆盖面小,区域性特征明显,低端市场价格竞争严重,专业化程度不高,部分企业追求短期效益,实施作业缺乏规范。天津市PCO从业人员蝇和鼠防治知晓率较高,但蚊和蜚蠊防治知晓率较低,尤其对虫媒疾病的危害和综合防治的认知更低。结论行业协会有必要加强规范化的职业培训,提供实用的技能训练,树立化学防治仅是整个控制措施中一部分的观念。有必要加快推进诸如杀虫剂分级管理、相关法规及标准建立、第三方服务质量评估、责任保险建立等工作,促使PCO公司尽早向PMP(有害生物管理业)转变,更加注重环保化、专业化和法制化。
Objective To understand the current status and existing problems of pest management (PCO) practitioners in Tianjin and to promote the professionalization and standardization of PCO in Tianjin. Methods A total of 165 PCO trainees who participated in the training in 2010-2011 were surveyed about the employees’ knowledge and knowledge of prevention and control of the insect vectors. Each company randomly selected one practitioner to conduct a survey on the PCO company. Results The age structure of PCO in Tianjin is relatively young, with some people with low education level, short duration of employment and low salary level. The PCO company in Tianjin has small scale, small market coverage, obvious regional characteristics, serious competition in the low-end market price, low degree of specialization, short-term profitability of some enterprises and lack of standardization of operation. The knowledge of prevention and control of flies and mice in PCO practitioners in Tianjin is relatively high, but the awareness rate of mosquito and cockroach prevention and control is relatively low, especially for the hazards of insect-borne diseases and the comprehensive prevention and control. Conclusion It is necessary for industry associations to step up standardized vocational training, provide practical skills training and establish a concept that chemical prevention is only a part of the overall control measures. There is a need to speed up efforts such as grading management of pesticides, establishment of relevant laws and regulations and standards, assessment of third-party service quality, and establishment of liability insurance so as to prompt PCO companies to shift to PMP (pest management) as soon as possible and pay more attention to environmental protection and specialization And legalization.