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树突状细胞(DC)是目前所知功能最强的、唯一能刺激初始型T细胞活化和增殖的抗原提呈细胞。在正常情况下,健康脑实质中不存在DC,但在中枢神经系统(CNS)内脉管丰富的部位(如脑膜、脉络丛和脑脊液)确有DC存在。当CNS发生感染、自身免疫反应以及伴有炎症的CNS损伤或神经变性时,DC会在CNS实质发生聚集,其表型特征发生明显变化,参与并调节疾病的发生和发展。这些DC在CNS中的确切作用以及它们是从CNS固有细胞分化而来还是从浸润入CNS的血细胞分化而来等问题仍是目前争论的焦点。
Dendritic cells (DCs) are by far the most potent and unique antigen-presenting cells that stimulate the activation and proliferation of naive T cells. Under normal conditions, there is no DC in the healthy brain parenchyma, but there is indeed a presence of DC in the vascular-rich sites (such as the meninges, choroid plexus and cerebrospinal fluid) in the central nervous system (CNS). When CNS infection, autoimmune reaction and inflammation accompanied by CNS damage or neurodegeneration, DC will accumulate in the parenchyma of CNS, its phenotypic changes significantly, participate in and regulate the occurrence and development of the disease. The exact role of these DCs in the CNS and whether they differentiate from CNS intrinsic cells or from blood cells that infiltrate the CNS remain the focus of the current debate.