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经过上世纪八九十年代的反思与批判,“时代精神”这个总体性范畴逐渐退出了当代文艺学话语体系。这个大概念的退场,一方面表明人文领域对个体性、异质性和偶然性因素的尊重和保护,但另一方面,彻底放弃“时代精神”可能也意味着放弃整体性地思想当代和批判当代的人文责任,客观上加重了人文知识和时代感受性的碎片化、零散化和原子化。我们时代的理论与批评如果要有效避免陷入纯粹经验主义和实证主义的泥潭之中,如果要避免个人主义的纯粹主观性,就有必要重新启用“时代精神”范畴,需要重建一种能够将我们的存在处境与“时代精神”相勾连的整体性思想。
After the reflection and criticism in the 1980s and 1990s, the general category of “spirit of the times” has gradually withdrawn from the discourse system of contemporary literature and art. The exit of this grand concept shows on the one hand the respect and protection of individuality, heterogeneity and contingency factors in the humanistic field. On the other hand, abandoning “spirit of the times ” may also mean abandoning the idea of holistic thinking of contemporary and Criticizing the contemporary humanistic responsibility objectively aggravates the fragmentation, fragmentation and atomization of humanistic knowledge and the feeling of the times. If the theories and criticisms of our time are effectively prevented from falling into the quagmire of pure empiricism and positivism, it will be necessary to re-enable the category of “spirit of the times” if we are to avoid the pure subjectivity of individualism, Integralism linking our existing situation with “the spirit of the times”.