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根据向日葵幼胚(0.15—1.0毫米)的离体培养试验,得出下列结论:1.幼胚(0.3毫米以下)在不加椰子乳汁的改良White培养基上不能生长。2.在改良White培养基中单加椰子乳汁(20%)只有1个(5%)“原胚”(0.15—0.2毫米长)获得生长。同时加入酪朊水解物(500 ppm)时,幼胚的成活率提高到35%。在另一组试验中,刚分化的幼胚(0.2—0.3毫米长)在单加椰子乳汁时,成活率为27.2%,而同时加酪朊水解物培养时,则提高到44.1%。3.在培养基中除加入椰子乳汁和酪朊水解物以外,再加入谷氨酰胺(500 ppm)时,幼胚(0.2—1.0毫米长)的成活率提高到90%以上。接种时胚龄愈大,正常生长的胚愈多。4.很幼小的胚的生长多不正常。这些幼胚往往先经过细胞分裂形成一团愈伤组织,而后在表面分化出分生组织区,最后从分生组织区中形成不定芽。5.幼胚在培养中常产生裂生多子叶现象。
Based on the in vitro culture of sunflower immature embryos (0.15-1.0 mm), the following conclusions were reached: 1. Immature embryos (below 0.3 mm) failed to grow on modified White medium without coconut milk. 2. Only 1 (5%) “Proembryo ” (0.15-0.2 mm long) was grown in single White Coconut milk (20%) in Modified White medium. With addition of casein hydrolyzate (500 ppm), the survival rate of immature embryos increased to 35%. In another set of experiments, the newly differentiated immature embryos (0.2-0.3 mm long) survived 27.2% with coconut milk alone and increased to 44.1% with addition of casein hydrolyzate. 3. The survival rate of immature embryos (0.2-1.0 mm long) was increased to more than 90% when glutamine (500 ppm) was added to the medium except coconut milk and casein hydrolyzate. The greater the embryo age at inoculation, the more embryos normally grow. 4. Very young embryos grow more than normal. These immature embryos often undergo cell division to form a mass of callus and then differentiate into meristematic regions on the surface and finally form adventitious buds from meristematic regions. 5. Immature embryos often produce in the culture of multiple cotyledon rupture phenomenon.