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自从2004年石墨烯的成功制备,近10年以来,见证了二维材料在凝聚态物理、材料科学以及化学等领域的飞速发展.尽管石墨烯具有迁移率高、透光性好、柔韧度大等优点,但当其作为半导体材料时,却是一个零带隙半导体.因而,研究者便将目光集中到与之相邻的一族元素—第五主族层状结构的磷、砷、锑和铋.剥离出二维结构的第五主族纳米材料(磷烯、砷烯、锑烯和铋烯)展现了许多新奇的、前所未有的特性,在电子器件与光电纳米器件的应用上有着无限的前景和价值.本文将从理论计算模拟和实验进展两个方面,系统总结磷烯、砷烯、锑烯和铋烯的物理、化学性质以及相关研究的进展.最后,基于磷烯、砷烯、锑烯和铋烯材料目前的研究现状,将对其在未来的研究前景和探索方向进行展望.
Since the successful preparation of graphene in 2004, it has witnessed the rapid development of two-dimensional materials in the field of condensed matter physics, material science and chemistry in recent ten years.Although graphene has the advantages of high mobility, good light transmission, high flexibility However, when it is used as a semiconductor material, it is a zero-bandgap semiconductor, so researchers focus on the adjacent group of elements - the fifth main lamellar structure of phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and Bismuth. The fifth major group of nanomaterials (phospholene, arsine, antimony and bismuth) that have been stripped of two-dimensional structures exhibit many novel and unprecedented properties that have boundless applications in electronic devices and optoelectronic nanodevices The prospects and the value.This article will systematically summarize the physical and chemical properties of phospholene, arsine, stirene and bismuth from two aspects of theoretical calculation and experimental progress.Finally, Antimony and bismuth materials, the current research status, its future research prospects and exploration direction.