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近几年来,学术界对新理学与程朱理学、新理学与新实在论的关系多有探讨,但对新理学与维也纳学派哲学的关系则研究不足。本文旨在从比较哲学的角度,研究冯友兰的新理学与维也纳学派哲学的关系,并重点就科学与哲学(形上学)的划界、究竟什么是形上学等问题作一些初步的探讨。 科学与哲学(形上学)的划界 维也纳学派是本世纪二、三十年代以维也纳大学为活动中心的一个哲学团体,后来成为逻辑实证主义的主要代表。其主要代表人物有石里克、卡尔纳普、魏斯曼等。维也纳学派继承了实证主义的传统,其目标是要把所谓的“形而上学”从科学中驱逐出去,同时他们也以“拒斥形而上学”作为自己哲学活动的纲领。怎么把“形上学”驱逐出去呢?他们认为只要把科学与非科学(包括形上学)的划界问题解决好,就可以达到这个目的。那么,划界问题如何解决呢?
In recent years, there have been many discussions on the relationship between Neo-Confucianism and Cheng Zhu Neo-Confucianism, Neo-Confucianism and Neo-realism. However, the relationship between Neo-Confucianism and Viennese philosophy has not been well studied. The purpose of this thesis is to study Feng Youlan’s neo-Confucianism and Viennese philosophy from a comparative philosophical point of view, and to make some preliminary discussions on the demarcation between science and philosophy (metaphysics) and what is metaphysics. The demarcation of science and philosophy (metaphysics) The Vienna School was a philosophical group that centered on the University of Vienna during the 1920s and 1930s and later became the main representative of logical positivism. Its main representatives are Shirike, Carnap, Weisman and so on. The Vienna School inherited the positivist tradition with the goal of deporting so-called “metaphysics” from science and at the same time using “rejection of metaphysics” as its philosophy program. How to expel “metaphysics”? They think that this goal can be achieved if the demarcation between science and non-science (including metaphysics) is solved well. So, how to solve the problem of demarcation?