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目的研究电焊工作场所超细颗粒、细颗粒暴露特征。方法检测某电焊工作场所超细、细颗粒的质量浓度及其分布、数量浓度、形态学和化学元素含量,记录检测点距离、生产活动及风速等影响因素。结果超细、细颗粒的浓度与电焊作业点数量和生产活动密切相关,距离作业点3.1 m处颗粒数量浓度和质量浓度明显低于距离作业点1.1 m处(P<0.05),高窗口风速的检测点颗粒数量浓度明显低于低窗口风速的检测点(P<0.01),车间内焊接作业前与车间外大气化学元素含量较接近,但车间内焊接作业前超细、细颗粒浓度明显高于车间外大气(P<0.01)。结论电焊作业超细、细颗粒浓度与工人作息时间、作业点数量、检测距离、窗口风速、背景值密切相关。
Objective To study the exposure characteristics of ultrafine particles and fine particles in the welding workplace. Methods The concentrations, distributions, concentrations, morphological and chemical elements contents of superfine and fine particles in a welding workplace were measured and the influencing factors such as distance of detection points, production activities and wind speed were recorded. Results The concentrations of ultrafine and fine particles were closely related to the number of welding spots and production activities. The number concentration and mass concentration of particles at 3.1 m from the working point were significantly lower than those at 1.1 m (P <0.05) The concentration of particles in the test spot was significantly lower than that of the low-window wind speed (P <0.01). The contents of chemical elements in the workshop before and after the welding were close, but the concentration of fine and fine particles in the workshop before welding was significantly higher Atmosphere outside the workshop (P <0.01). Conclusion Welding work is very fine and the concentration of fine particles is closely related to the working hours, the number of working points, the detection distance, the wind speed of the window and the background value.