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很多研究证实了妊娠期母体的营养状态与胎儿的生长发育关系密切。特别是妊娠期母体体重增加不足时低出生体重婴儿(体重低于2.5kg)的分娩率增加,因此造成新生儿死亡率增加或需长期的内科治疗并可造成后遗症。妊娠妇女可因下列原因而出现营养不良:因妊娠期发生的疾病影响营养物质的摄人或吸收(例如:感染性肠道疾病,肠梗阻,恶性肿瘤,头部外伤或颅内出血所致昏迷,神经性厌食,糖尿病性胃轻瘫,胰腺炎或以往接受的减肥手术)。
Many studies have confirmed that the maternal nutritional status during pregnancy and fetal growth and development are closely related. In particular, there is an increase in the rate of delivery of low birth weight infants (weighing less than 2.5 kg) when maternal weight gain is low during pregnancy, resulting in increased neonatal mortality or long-term medical treatment and sequelae. Pregnant women may suffer from malnutrition for the following reasons: Ingestion or absorption of nutrients due to diseases that occur during pregnancy (eg, infections caused by intestinal diseases, intestinal obstruction, malignancies, head trauma or intracranial hemorrhage, Anorexia nervosa, diabetic gastroparesis, pancreatitis or previously accepted bariatric surgery).