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对于不同教育层次的劳动力,劳动供求弹性存在差异,面对冲击的风险厌恶和采取的应对措施亦有所不同,导致宏观经济形势变化对不同教育层次劳动力的影响差异化。本文基于北京大学2008至2014届毕业生就业数据,研究发现,面对经济增速逐渐放缓带来的劳动力需求负向冲击,本科和硕士的就业数量没有受到显著影响,博士的就业数量反而有所提升;在产业结构变化带来的劳动力需求结构变化影响下,博士生就业增加相对更多;经济增速放缓、生活和住房成本上升等经济压力使本科生相比硕博生的专业一行业相关度降低更多。
For labor force at different education levels, there are differences in elasticity of labor supply and demand, risk aversion in the face of shocks and response measures taken, resulting in the differentiation of macroeconomic situation’s impact on labor force at different education levels. Based on the employment data of Peking University graduates from 2008 to 2014, this study found that in the face of the negative impact of the labor demand brought by the gradual slowdown of economic growth, the employment quantity of undergraduate and master graduates has not been significantly affected. Boosted by the changes in the structure of labor demand brought about by changes in industrial structure, the employment of doctoral students has increased relatively more; economic pressures such as slowing economic growth, rising living and housing costs have made undergraduates more proficient Decrease in the relevance of the industry more.