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路易斯·巴斯德(Louis Pasteur,1822-12-27~1895-09-28)是法国伟大的科学家,他发明了狂犬病疫苗,并于1885年7月6日,首次给被狂犬严重咬伤的9岁男童约瑟夫·迈斯特(Joseph Meister,1876-02-21~1940-06-24)治疗并获得成功。从此,人们普遍将巴斯德使用狂犬病疫苗首次对人进行接种的这一日期(7月6日),作为了人类历史上用人工制备疫苗来征服传染病的时代起点。到2015年7月6日,历史的车轮已经走过了漫长的130年。纵观巴斯德的科学生涯,可以大致划分为3个阶段:11856年前的化学年代;2以1856年研究发酵开始接触到了微生物为起点,进入生命科学年代;3以1865年研究蚕病为起步标志,进入医学(包括兽医学)年代。巴斯德在化学、生命科学、医学乃至农业领域都有独到的发现与研究,然而使他留芳千古的是病原学说的创立和免疫预防接种的发明。在发明疫苗的探索中,巴斯德找到了开启疫苗大门的钥匙——控制病原体的毒力。他发现了使鸡霍乱病原细菌——多杀巴斯德氏菌(Pasteurella multocida)自然减毒的途径,更可贵的是使炭疽芽孢杆菌发生人为的毒力变异,并成功发明了鸡霍乱疫苗、炭疽减毒疫苗。在对狂犬病疫苗研究中通过采用兔脑传代的方法,建立了由街毒向固定毒演变的狂犬病病毒固定毒经典理论,并成功研制出了安全有效的狂犬病疫苗,同时建立了对狂犬病的巴斯德预防治疗法。狂犬病疫苗百年来虽不断地推陈出新,但巴斯德创造的原理仍为经典的指导原则。
Louis Pasteur (1822-12-27 ~ 1895-09-28), a great scientist in France, invented a rabies vaccine and for the first time severely bitten his rabies on July 6, 1885 Nine-year-old boy Joseph Meister (1876-02-21 ~ 1940-06-24) treatment and success. Since then, the date Pasteur first vaccinated rabies vaccines (July 6) has been widely used as a starting point in the history of humankind to eradicate infectious diseases with artificially prepared vaccines. By July 6, 2015, the wheel of history has come a long 130 years. Throughout Pasteur’s scientific career, can be roughly divided into three stages: the chemical age 11856 years ago; 2 to 1856 fermentation began to come into contact with microorganisms as a starting point into the life science age; 3 in 1865 to study silkworm disease Start sign, enter the era of medicine (including veterinary science). Pasteur has unique discoveries and studies in the fields of chemistry, life sciences, medicine and agriculture. However, Pasteur made the discovery of etiology and invention of immunization vaccination. In his discovery of the vaccine, Pasteur found the key to opening the door to the vaccine - controlling the virulence of the pathogen. He found a natural way to attenuate chicken cholera-causing bacteria, Pasteurella multocida, and even more valuable was the artificial virulence mutagenesis of Bacillus anthracis and the successful invention of the chicken cholera vaccine, Anthrax attenuated vaccine. In the study of rabies vaccine through the use of rabbit brain passage method, established by the street poison to the fixed virus evolution of the classical theory of rabies virus fixed virus and successfully developed a safe and effective rabies vaccine, rabies vaccine established at the same time the establishment of the rabies German preventive treatment. Although rabies vaccine has been continuously introduced in the past century, the principle created by Pasteur is still the classic guiding principle.