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在上个世纪三四十年代,中国的思想界兴起了关于乡村建设的各种思潮,在各家学说之中,社会学家费孝通先生独树一帜地提出了自己的乡土重建思想。即通过发展乡村工业来增加农民的收入,将以农业为基础的已趋衰落的传统乡村“重建”为包含现代工业文明的工农相辅的“新农村”。这一思想既不是对西方工业化道路的简单模仿,也不是对自身传统的迷恋与回归,而是一种将现代工业文明与传统乡村社会巧妙的“嫁接”。对费孝通乡村发展思想的研究,对于我们今日的社会主义新农村建设,具有重要的借鉴作用。
In the 1930s and 1940s, China’s intellectual circles started to raise various thoughts on rural construction. Among all theories, the sociologist Fei Xiaotong made his own unique thinking of rebuilding his native land. That is, by increasing rural industry to increase the incomes of peasants, the declining traditional rural areas based on agriculture will be “new rural areas” supplemented by workers and peasants that embrace modern industrial civilization. This idea is neither a simple imitation of the road to industrialization in the West nor an obsession and return to one’s own tradition, but a “grafting” that cleverly combines modern industrial civilization with traditional rural society. The study of Fei Xiaotong’s rural development thought has an important reference for our socialist new countryside construction today.