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麻疹病毒(measles virus,MV)是引起小儿麻疹的元凶。据世卫组织(World Health Organization)统计,全球每年有约2000万儿童罹患麻疹,仅2010年就有约139300患儿死于麻疹病毒感染。麻疹病毒传染性强、发病率高,除引起常见的咳嗽、高烧、恐光和遍及面部、躯干和上肢的皮疹外,还易与支气管肺炎或脑膜炎等并发,造成很高的死亡率。虽然麻疹疫苗可以有效控制麻疹病毒的感染和传播,但麻疹疫苗并不完美,不仅在疫苗覆盖率低的国家和地区,甚至在高覆盖率的欧美等国家和中国,麻疹仍然是造成小儿死亡的主因之一。
Measles virus (MV) is the culprit causing measles in children. According to the World Health Organization, about 20 million children worldwide are affected by measles each year, and in 2010 alone about 139,300 children died of measles virus infection. Measles virus contagious, high incidence, in addition to causing common cough, fever, light and all over the face, trunk and upper extremity rash, but also with bronchial pneumonia or meningitis and other complications, resulting in high mortality. Although measles vaccine can effectively control the transmission and transmission of measles virus, the measles vaccine is not perfect. Measles is still the cause of death in children not only in countries with low vaccine coverage, but also in countries with high coverage in Europe and the United States. One of the main reasons.