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目前2019新型冠状病毒（2019-nCoV）感染疫情已造成了全球大流行。尽管科研人员已经对2019-nCoV展开了深入研究，并解析出了分子结构，进行了进化树分析，但对于其具体的致病机制还缺乏足够认识，导致目前尚缺乏特异有效的治疗药物与手段。由于2019-nCoV感染会引发过度炎症反应，进而导致急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）和脓毒症是其致死的主要并发症，因此，在抗病毒和对症治疗的同时减轻炎症反应，才能有更好的治疗效果。间充质干细胞（MSCs）不仅具有显著的免疫调节功能，还能发挥再生修复的作用，修复受损肺组织，可以考虑作为治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎（新冠肺炎）的一种新的有效手段。本文通过分析2019-nCoV的主要致病机制以及发展为ARDS的过程，并结合MSCs的研究现状，探讨其用于治疗新冠肺炎的意义与可行性，为临床治疗提供充实的理论依据。“,”2019 Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection has caused a global pandemic. Although researchers have carried out a lot of research on 2019-nCoV, analyzed the molecular structure and conducted evolutionary tree analysis, there is still insufficient understanding of its specific pathogenic mechanism, resulting in the lack of specific and effective therapeutic drugs and method. 2019-nCoV infection can cause inflammation and may deteriorate to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and sepsis, which have become the main complication of its death. Therefore, using antiviral and symptomatic treatment with inflammation reduction can have a better therapeutic effect. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) not only have a significant immune-regulation function, but also play a role in regeneration and repair, repairing damaged lungs, so they can be considered as a new effective method for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This article analyzes the main pathogenic mechanism of 2019-nCoV, and the process of developing into ARDS, combined with the research status of MSCs, to explore its significance and feasibility for the treatment of COVID-19. Finally, it will provide a substantial theoretical basis for clinical treatment now and in the future.