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本专题连载分四讲。本文的目的是想对机构设计的新方法——优化设计作概括地介绍,以期引起读者的注意。考虑到工程设计的需要,文章将重点剖析求解约束极值问题的一种外罚函数法及相应计算程序。这样也许能使读者较快地了解优化设计的全过程,同时又掌握一份可资借鉴的计算程序。基于“实用”的出发点,文中不拟涉及过多的数学背景,力图把问题叙述得深入浅出、直观易懂,以便具有大学基础并粗通Fortran语言的读者不会感到困难。
This topic is divided into four series. The purpose of this paper is to give a general introduction to the new method of institutional design, optimization design, in order to arouse readers’ attention. Taking into account the needs of engineering design, the article will focus on analysis of a solution to the constraint extreme value of a penalty function method and the corresponding calculation procedures. This may allow readers to quickly understand the whole process of optimal design, but also have access to a reference calculation program. Based on the “practical” starting point, the article does not intend to involve too much mathematical background, trying to explain the problem in simple terms, intuitive and easy to understand, so that readers who have the college foundation and pass the Fortran language will not be difficult.