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一、前言氢化锆具有良好的核特性:中子与束缚于锆晶格中的氢碰撞时,是按量子化的hv=0.137 eV一份一份地交换能量的。低于0.137 eV的中子不但不失去能量,而且得到一份能量,其几率正比于exp(-hv/KT)。温度T越高,越容易得到能量。从而使氢化锆具有很大的负反应性温度系数,成为良好的固体慢化剂。铀锆合金也可用制备氢化锆基本相同的方法,制成铀氢锆元件。这种元件中,燃料温度的变化与慢化剂的温度变化是“同时”的,使得这种元件的负温度系数是瞬发的。因而用这种元件制成的反应堆具有固有的安全性并能脉冲运行,在科研和同位素生产中得到了日益广泛的应用。
First, the preface Zirconium hydride has good nuclear characteristics: when the neutron collides with hydrogen bound in the zirconium lattice, the energy is exchanged one by one according to the quantized hv = 0.137 eV. Neutrons below 0.137 eV not only lose energy but also get an energy proportional to exp (-hv / KT). The higher the temperature T, the easier it is to get energy. Thus zirconium hydride has a large negative temperature coefficient of reaction, a good solid moderator. Uranium zirconium alloy can also be used to prepare the same basic method of zirconium hydride, uranium hydrogen zirconium element made. In such an element, the change in fuel temperature and the moderator temperature change are “simultaneous” so that the negative temperature coefficient of such element is instantaneous. Therefore, the reactor made of such components has the inherent safety and can be pulse operation, in the scientific research and isotope production has been increasingly widely used.