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五十年前的汉语主宾语问题大讨论对汉语语法研究具有促进作用,但当时的一些分歧至今还存在,理应进一步研究。本文认为:宾语是属于句法平面的语法范畴,是与述语相对待并被谓词支配的句法成分;确定或辨认宾语时要兼顾“意义”和“形式”;宾语映射的是动核结构中跟主事相对待的客事或与事,其中客事映射的是直接宾语,与事映射的是间接宾语;操作上应以谓词所联系的客事或与事为基础或根据,再借助于形式(包括位置、问答、虚词、固定格式等)来辨认。本文还提出确认汉语宾语需注意的几个问题:要注意宾语和谓语的关系,要区别典型的宾语和非典型的宾语,要区别动态句子中的宾语和静态述宾短语中的宾语,要区别基式宾语和非基式宾语,要区别不同句类中的宾语,解决宾语问题要跟解决主语问题统一考虑,要结合语用来研究宾语。
The discussion on the subject matter of Chinese 50 years ago promoted the study of Chinese grammar. However, some disagreements still existed at that time and should be further studied. This paper argues that the object belongs to the grammatical category of the syntactic plane and the syntactic component which is relative to the predicate and is controlled by the predicate. When determining or identifying the object, both “meaning” and “form” should be taken into account. Clients deal with the main things or things, which customers map is a direct object, and things mapped indirect object; operation should be based on the predicate of the customer or the things based on or based on, and then by means of the form ( Including location, question and answer, function words, fixed format, etc.) to identify. This article also proposed to confirm the Chinese object to be aware of several issues: attention should be given to the relationship between the object and the predicate, to distinguish between the typical object and non-typical object, to distinguish between dynamic object in the object and static object in the object phrase, to distinguish Basic objects and non-based objects, to distinguish between different objects in the sentence, to solve the problem of the subject to solve the subject unified consideration, pragmatic to study the object.