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随着世界范围肥胖者的增加,2型糖尿病(T2DM)在儿童及青少年中的发病率也明显上升。儿童青少年T2DM的病因也是由遗传、环境等多因素相互作用的结果。重要的危险因素包括肥胖、T2DM家族史、高危种族及胰岛素抵抗表型。为及早诊断及治疗,对具有危险性的儿童应进行T2DM筛查。筛查的指征包括肥胖和其他2个危险因素。儿童青少年T2DM的诊断标准同成人,基于空腹、随机血糖及口服糖耐量试验的标准值。防治T2DM的重要措施是改善生活方式、减低或控制体质量。此外,还可应用二甲双胍和(或)胰岛素。控制高血压及血脂紊乱及监测微血管并发症也很必要。
With the increase of obese people worldwide, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children and adolescents also significantly increased. The cause of T2DM in children and adolescents is also the result of multiple factors such as genetics and environment. Important risk factors include obesity, family history of T2DM, high-risk ethnicity, and insulin resistance phenotypes. For early diagnosis and treatment, T2DM screening should be performed for children at risk. Indications for screening include obesity and 2 other risk factors. The diagnostic criteria for T2DM in children and adolescents are the same as those for adults, based on fasting, randomized glucose and oral glucose tolerance tests. An important measure to prevent and treat T2DM is to improve the life style and reduce or control the body weight. In addition, metformin and / or insulin can also be used. It is also necessary to control hypertension and dyslipidemia and monitor microvascular complications.