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[目的]对新疆猪牙花种子生物学特性进行研究,为新疆猪牙花驯化引种提供科学依据。[方法]对新疆猪牙花果实和种子的基本形态和解部特征进行研究;并对种子千粒重、含水量、种子生活力和发芽率以及种皮透性等进行测定。[结果]新疆猪牙花果实为蒴果,具3棱,鲜果粒横径11.0～35.0 mm,纵径12.0～45.5 mm,单果重量0.5～4.5 g。阴干种子横径为1.0～2.3 mm,纵径1.5～4.0mm,厚度1.0～1.5 mm。种子成熟期6月中旬至下旬,千粒重为7.8 g,种子生活力为93.6%,含水量为12.04%,浸种12 h后,种子吸水率达70%。不同浓度的种子浸提液可明显抑制白菜种子的发芽和幼根生长并一定程度上抑制种子本身的生长,不同药物处理对新疆猪牙花种子没有影响,新疆猪牙花种子种皮无吸水障碍,新疆猪牙花种子有明显的休眠特性。种子休眠的主要原因与胚形态、晚熟及发芽抑制物有关。[结论]新疆猪牙花种子透水性较好,吸水不存在障碍,因此其种皮透性不是引起种子休眠的原因。
[Objective] The research aimed to study the biological characteristics of Xinjiang pig-tooth flower and provide a scientific basis for the introduction of Xinjiang pig-tooth flower domestication. [Method] The basic morphological and solution characteristics of Poria cristata and seed were studied. The seed weight, water content, seed viability, germination rate and seed coat permeability of seed were measured. [Result] The fruit of Xinjiang piglet was capsule with 3 edges. The fresh fruit was 11.0 ~ 35.0 mm in diameter, 12.0 ~ 45.5 mm in length and 0.5 ~ 4.5 g in weight. Dried seed diameter of 1.0 to 2.3 mm, 1.5 to 4.0 mm in diameter and thickness of 1.0 to 1.5 mm. Seed maturity of mid-June to late, grain weight of 7.8 g, seed viability of 93.6%, moisture content of 12.04%, soaking seed 12 h, the seed water absorption rate of 70%. Different concentrations of seed extract can significantly inhibit the germination and young root growth of cabbage seeds and to some extent inhibit the growth of the seed itself. The treatment with different drugs has no effect on the seed of Xinjiang Velvet flower, Pig tooth flower seeds have obvious sleep characteristics. The main reason for seed dormancy is related to embryo morphology, late maturity and germination inhibitors. [Conclusion] The porcini flower seed of Xinjiang was better in water permeability, and there was no barrier to water absorption. Therefore, the seed coat permeability of seed was not the cause of seed dormancy.