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AIM:To investigate the role of cytochrome P450(CYP)in the carcinogenesis of squamous-cell carcinoma(SCC)in human esophagus by determining expression patts and protein levels of representative CYPs in esophageal tissue of patients with SCC and controls.METHODS:mRNA expression of CYP2E1,CYP2C,CYP3A4,and CYP3A5 was determined using RT-PCR in both normal and malignant esophageal tissues of patients with untreated esophageal SCC(n = 21)and in controls(n = 10).Protein levels of CYP2E1,CYP2C8,CYP3A4,and CYP3A5 were measured by West blot.RESULTS:Within the group of SCC patients,mRNA expression of CYP 3A4 and CYP2C was significantly lower in malignant tissue(-39% and -74%,respectively,P ＜ 0.05)than in normal tissue.Similar results were found in CYP3A4 protein levels.Between groups,CYP3A4,CYP3A5,and CYP2C8 protein concentration was significantly higher in non-malignant tissue of SCC patients(4.8-,2.9-,and 1.9-fold elevation,P ＜ 0.05)than in controls.In contrast,CYP2E1 protein levels were significantly higher in controls than in SCC patients (+46%,P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION:Significant differences exist in protein levels of certain CYPs in non-malignant esophageal tissue (e.g.CYP2C8,CYP3A4,CYP3A5,and CYP2E1)between SCC patients and healthy subjects and may contribute to the development of SCC in the esophagus.