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目的了解深圳市福田区慢性病高风险人群吸烟行为现状及所致健康危害认知情况,为制定有针对性的控烟措施提供基础资料。方法从深圳市福田区随机选择12个社区,通过多种途径(体检资料查询、日常门诊发现、家庭医生发现、义诊发现)在被选取的社区中筛查发现1 923例慢性病高风险个体,并对其吸烟行为现状及吸烟所致健康危害认知情况进行问卷调查,采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨现在吸烟行为发生与否的影响因素。结果研究人群总吸烟率、现在吸烟率和常吸烟率分别为22.31%、15.60%、10.76%;男性研究人群总吸烟率(46.77%)、现在吸烟率(34.89%)和常吸烟率(25.16%)均分别显著高于女性研究人群总吸烟率(5.21%)、现在吸烟率(2.12%)和常吸烟率(0.71%)。多因素Logistic回归分析表明,性别与年龄是现在吸烟行为发生与否的主要影响因素。分别有82.63%、46.85%、43.42%、81.90%的研究对象知晓吸烟可导致严重疾病、中风、心脏病和肺癌;21.79%的研究对象知晓吸烟所致健康危害与卷烟中焦油含量无关。结论深圳市福田区慢性病高风险人群中有相当高比例的个体有吸烟行为存在,男性和65岁以下人群是控制吸烟行为的重点人群,且该人群对吸烟所致健康危害的认知水平有待加强。
Objective To understand the status quo of smoking behaviors and the cognition of health hazards in high risk population with chronic diseases in Futian District, Shenzhen, and to provide basic information for the development of targeted tobacco control measures. Methods A total of 1 923 high risk individuals with chronic diseases were screened out from 12 selected communities in 12 selected communities in Futian District of Shenzhen Municipality through multiple channels (physical examination data, daily clinic visits, family doctor findings and free medical service) The status quo of smoking behavior and cognition of health hazards caused by smoking were investigated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of current smoking behavior. Results The total smoking rate of the population was 22.31%, 15.60% and 10.76%, respectively. The total smoking rate (46.77%) in the male study population, the current smoking rate (34.89%) and the regular smoking rate (25.16% ) Were significantly higher than the total smoking rate of female study population (5.21%), the current smoking rate (2.12%) and the prevalence of smoking (0.71%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender and age were the main influencing factors of current smoking behavior. There were 82.63%, 46.85%, 43.42% and 81.90% of the respondents respectively knew that smoking could lead to serious illness, stroke, heart disease and lung cancer; 21.79% of the respondents knew that the health hazard caused by smoking had nothing to do with the tar content in cigarettes. Conclusion A significant proportion of individuals at risk for chronic diseases in Futian District of Shenzhen City have smoking behaviors. Men and the population under 65 years old are the key population to control smoking behaviors, and the cognitive level of the population for the health hazards caused by smoking needs to be strengthened .