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西方经济学把资本当作生产力概念,混淆了剩余价值和剩余使用价值,把资本视为永恒的自然物。马克思的《资本论》则在特定的生产关系中考察生产力的发展,从而在生产力经济学和生产关系经济学的双重视野中揭示出资本的内在否定性。卢森堡与列宁的世界体系论可以视作《资本论》的续篇,是《资本论》中的资本内在否定性思想外化在现实时空中的具体表现。20世纪的经济全球化、社会主义阵营的瓦解、虚拟经济的繁荣等资本发展的新境遇,要求中国必须从生产力经济学和生产关系经济学的双重视角考察当代世界经济、从生产力和生产关系两个方面超越传统发展模式,这样才能在国际分工中占据主动。
Western economics regards capital as the concept of productive forces, confusing surplus-value and surplus-use value and treating capital as an eternal natural object. Marx’s “capital theory” examines the development of productive forces in specific production relations, revealing the inherent negativity of capital in the dual perspectives of the economics of production and economics of production relations. The world system theory between Luxembourg and Lenin can be regarded as a sequel to “capitalism” and the specific manifestation of the negative externalization of capital in capital in real space-time. The new situation of capital development in the 20th century such as economic globalization, the disintegration of the socialist camp and the virtual economic prosperity requires that China must examine the contemporary world economy from the perspective of both productivity economics and production relation economics. From the perspective of productivity and production relations, We should surpass the traditional development model in this respect so as to take the initiative in the international division of labor.