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本文从理论上比较了可用于降压收集极的各种形式的减速静电场。不考虑空间电荷,聚焦场比散焦场有更高的收集极效率η收集极。在双曲线场这一特殊情况下,η收集极是电子注发散角、电子注直径和电子注初始能量的函数。η收集极随1)电子注发散角的减少,2)收集极尺寸与电子注直径之比的增加,3)电子注初始能量的增加和收集极级数增加而增加。实验研究了一种用于脉升比为8分贝的周期永磁聚焦高功率双模行波管的双曲线场型三级降压收集极。在50％、75％和100％的降压条件下,管子效率在低功率模式上为26％,而在高功率模式上为34％,相应的收集极效率为76％和71％。
In this paper, various forms of deceleration electrostatic field that can be used for step-down collector are theoretically compared. Regardless of space charge, the focusing field has a higher collector efficiency η collector than the defocusing field. In the special case of a hyperbolic field, the η collector is a function of the electron beam divergence angle, the electron beam diameter and the initial energy of the electron beam. The decrease of electron collector divergence angle with η electron collector, the increase of the ratio of collector size to electron beam diameter, the increase of initial energy of electron emitter and the increase of collector polar number. A hyperbolic field three-stage buck collector for a PM permanent magnet focusing high power dual mode traveling wave tube with an ascending pulse ratio of 8 dB was experimentally studied. At 50%, 75% and 100% of the buck conditions, the tube efficiency was 26% in low power mode and 34% in high power mode, with corresponding collector efficiencies of 76% and 71%.