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油橄榄炭疽病是油橄榄果期主要病害之一,在陕西汉中地区普遍发生。该病危害油橄榄果实、叶片、枝梢、芽及花等不同器官,只在果实和叶片上呈现典型症状。严重发病植株造成落果、落叶、枝梢枯死,树势生长衰弱,病果含油率降低30.4—42.3%。油橄榄炭疽病病原菌 Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.[异名 Gloeosporiumolivarum Alm.]在陕西汉中地区尚未发现有性世代。病菌初次侵染来源为在病枯枝、病叶和病落果的旧病组织中越冬的病原体,来年经春雨浸湿产生新分生孢子,借风雨、昆虫传布侵染危害。该病每年4月下旬在幼嫩叶尖端出现病状,5月中旬花有发病,6月中下旬果实发病,9、10月份果实进入转色成熟期,病害发生,蔓延迅速,11月上旬达到发病高峰;多雨高湿条件下有利于病害发生和发展。室内、外接种均能发病,潜育期2—7天。品种抗病性差异可能与果实表皮细胞层次及缀密度有关,爱桑、米扎的抗病性可能受此特性所决定。根据调查,该病随着树龄的增长,病害发生有加重之趋势。冬春剪除油橄榄病枯枝,清除病叶和病果,结合使用1%波尔多液和50%退菌特800倍液防治油橄榄炭疽病效果显著。油橄榄炭疽病是由 Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.侵染所致。该病是油橄榄果期主要病害之一。国外 Almeda 和 Gorter 曾有过报导。我国湖北、四川等省均有发生,但尚无正式研究报导,对病原、病名叫法不一,更无有效防治办法。陕西省油橄榄定植区结果树普遍遭受炭疽病危害,城固县柑桔育苗场油橄榄严重感病株造成落果、落叶、枝梢干枯,树势生长衰弱,降低果实产量,病果含油率降低30.4—42.3%。油橄榄炭疽病已成为当前发展油橄榄生产的严重问题。因此,我们从1978—1980年与城固县柑桔育苗场协作,对油橄榄炭疽病的症状、病原、周年侵染循环和流行规律以及防治方法等方面进行了研究。兹将试验研究结果报告如下:
Olea europaea is one of the main diseases of Olea europaeae and occurs in Hanzhong area of Shaanxi province. The disease endangered olive fruit, leaves, shoots, buds and flowers of different organs, only in the fruit and leaves showed typical symptoms. Severe disease caused by plant deciduous, deciduous, shoots withered, tree growth weak, the fruit oil content decreased by 30.4-42.3%. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. [Synonym Gloeosporium olivarum Alm.] No sexual genealogies have yet been found in Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province. The primary source of infection was the pathogen that overwintered in old diseased tissues of dead branches, diseased leaves and diseased diseased fruits. In the coming year, new conidia were produced by soaking in spring rain, spreading the infection by wind and rain and insects. The disease in late April each year in the tip of young leaves appear symptoms, flowers in mid-May onset, the incidence of fruit in mid-and late June, September and October the fruit into the color conversion maturity, disease occurs, spread rapidly in early November to reach the onset Peak; rainy and humid conditions conducive to disease occurrence and development. Indoor and external vaccination can disease, latent period of 2-7 days. The differences in disease resistance of the cultivars may be related to the epidermal cell layers and the density of densities in the fruit, and the resistance of Elsiens and Miza may be affected by this characteristic. According to the survey, the disease grows with the age, the occurrence of diseases have aggravated trend. Winter and spring cut off the olive tree disease dead branches, remove diseased leaves and fruit, combined with 1% Bordeaux mixture and 50% of the special antibacterial 800 times the prevention and treatment of olive hill anthracnose effect is significant. Olive anthracnose is caused by the infection of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. The disease is one of the main diseases of the olive fruit. Foreign Almeda and Gorter have reported. China Hubei, Sichuan and other provinces have occurred, but there is no official study reported that the pathogen, disease name is different, but no effective prevention and treatment. Shaanxi Province olive tree planting trees generally suffer from anthracnose tree planting results, Chenggu County citrus nursery caused by serious strains of olives deciduous, deciduous, shoots withered, tree growth weak, reducing fruit yield, fruit oil content decreased 30.4- 42.3%. Olive anthracnose has become a serious problem in the current development of olive production. Therefore, from 1978 to 1980, we cooperated with citrus nursery grounds in Chenggu County to study the symptoms, pathogens, annual cycle and epidemic rules of anthracnose and the control methods. The results of the pilot study are reported below: