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Allium属属于百合科(Liliaceae)植物,品种繁多,仅我国就有110种,本属植物多为各国人民喜爱的食品,不少并可供作药用。人们对于Allium属植物中活性成分的研究始于本世纪初,1930年法国学者第一次申请了大蒜药物制剂的专利。40年代以后,日本、美国、奥地利、法国等国的学者纷纷将自己的研究成果申请专利,其中除了药品而外,还有保健品和美容品。特别是70年代以来,对于Allium属植物中非挥发性成分的药理作用研究非常深入,很可能为治疗高血压、糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化以及抗血栓、抗癌等提供一类新型药物。本文着重对Allium属植物的化学成分,药理作用进行综述。
Allium belongs to the Liliaceae family and has a wide variety of species. There are only 110 species in China. This genus is most commonly eaten by people of all countries, and many are available for medicinal use. The research on the active ingredients of plants of the genus Allium began in the beginning of this century. In 1930, French scholars applied for the first patent for garlic pharmaceutical preparations. Since the 1940s, scholars from Japan, the United States, Austria, and France have applied for patents for their own research results, including health products and beauty products in addition to medicines. Especially since the 1970s, the research on the pharmacological effects of non-volatile components in plants belonging to the genus Allium is very thorough, and it is likely to provide a new class of drugs for the treatment of hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, anti-thrombosis, anti-cancer and the like. This article focuses on the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Allium plants.