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东干语是中亚东干族(回族)所使用的语言。它来源于我国近代汉语西北方言。它是以我国近代汉语西北方言基本词汇和语法结构为主体,以甘肃话语音为标准,融合和吸收了中亚地区多民族语言成分,在语言要素上发生了一定变化所形成的一种汉语跨境方言。东干语主要分布在吉尔吉斯斯坦和哈萨克斯坦之间的楚河流域和伊塞克湖周围,内部有甘肃话和陕西话的分别。东干语从形态学分类角看属于词根语;从发生学角看属于汉藏语系汉语北方方言西北支方言中原官话。东干语的标准语语音有25个声母,32个韵母,3类声调。词汇以我国近代汉语西北方言基本词汇为主体,保留了部分古汉语词汇和近代汉语词汇,融合和吸收了中亚地区多种民族常用的俄语、突厥语、阿拉伯及波斯语的外来借词。语法受俄语、突厥语影响比较大。东干族创制了记录自己语言的音素文字,在汉语拼音化的道路上,走在了时代的前列。东干语在和多种语言的接触中发生了语言成分的借用、双语和多语、语码混合和语码转换等一系列变化。这些变化不仅使它产生了诸多亚文化特征,而且也促进了东干族人民和中亚民族的融合,促进了中亚社会的发展和繁荣,但这些融合和变化也使东干语受到了严重的损害,促使它朝着濒危语言的方向发展。东干语的去向是值得我们大家关注的。
Donggan language is the language used by Central Eastern Muslims (Hui). It comes from the modern northwest dialect of our country. It is based on the basic vocabulary and grammatical structure of the Northwest dialects of modern Chinese as the main body, taking the Gansu dialect as the standard, which integrates and absorbs the multi-ethnic language composition in Central Asia and takes a certain change in the language elements to form a Chinese cross Habitat dialect. Donggan language is mainly distributed in the Chu River basin between Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan and around Issyk Kul, with the distinction between the Gansu dialect and the Shaanxi dialect. From the perspective of occurrence angle, Donggan language belongs to the root language from the perspective of morphological classification. The standard language of Donggan language has 25 initials, 32 vowels, and 3 types of tones. Vocabulary is based on the basic vocabulary of Northwest dialects in modern Chinese. Some ancient Chinese vocabularies and modern Chinese vocabularies are retained, integrating and absorbing the foreign borrowings commonly used by Russian, Turkic, Arabic and Persian languages of various ethnic groups in Central Asia. Grammar by Russian, Turkic relatively large impact. The eastern cadres created a phonemic record of their own language, which was at the forefront of the times in the Chinese phoneticization. Donggan language has experienced a series of changes in language borrowing, bilingualism and multilingualism, code mixing and code conversion in its contacts with various languages. These changes not only gave rise to many subcultures but also facilitated the integration of the East and West peoples and the Central Asian nation and promoted the development and prosperity of the Central Asian society. However, these changes and mergers also made the Eastgan language seriously Of the damage, prompting it toward the endangered language development. The whereabouts of Donggan language deserve our attention.