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东北黑土区是我国最为重要的粮食生产基地,摸清第二次土壤普查以来主要黑土土种理化性质的变化特征可为保护黑土资源提供有力的科学依据。本文基于第二次土壤普查的典型黑土剖面资料,重新调查了典型黑土区内的23个黑土土种,结果表明:近20年来主要黑土土种上的粮食单产增加约81%;在化工肥料和侵蚀的共同作用下,黑土的有机质含量和全氮含量变化不大,但全磷含量显著增加,全钾含量显著降低,表层土壤酸化明显。建议今后适当增加钾肥施用量而减少磷肥施用量。
The black soil area in northeast China is the most important grain production base in our country. Finding out the changing characteristics of physical and chemical properties of main black soil species since the second soil survey can provide a strong scientific basis for protecting black soil resources. Based on the data of typical black soil profiles collected from the second soil survey, the 23 black soil species in a typical black soil area were re-investigated. The results showed that the yield of grain on major black soil species increased about 81% in the past 20 years. Under combined action of erosion and erosion, the content of organic matter and total nitrogen in black soil changed little, but the content of total phosphorus increased significantly, the content of total potassium decreased significantly, and the acidification of surface soil was obvious. Proposed future increase in the appropriate amount of potash fertilizer and reduce the amount of phosphate fertilizer.