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纳米复合材料是由纳米尺寸的粒子分散在三维基体里形成的一类新的复合材料。就目前来看其制备方法有溶胶－凝胶法、高温熔融法、气相沉积法、人工超结构法、注入分散法、无机晶体生长法以及相转变法。其结构表征可以通过Ｘ射线衍射、透射电子显微分析、小角Ｘ射线散射、径向分布函数和拉曼光谱。纳米复合材料表现出明显的量子尺寸效应（光吸收边蓝移现象）和三阶非线性光学系数的提高，可望在光学双稳态、快速响应、相位共轭、光波导等光电子器件方面得到应用。是一类十分重要的材料。国外的研究十分活跃。本文以ＣｄＳ·ＳｉＯ２纳米复合材料为例，介绍了其制备方法、结构表征和性能分析以及应用前景。
Nanocomposites are a new class of composites formed by the dispersion of nano-sized particles in a three-dimensional matrix. So far, the preparation methods include sol-gel method, high-temperature melting method, vapor deposition method, artificial superstructure method, injection dispersion method, inorganic crystal growth method and phase inversion method. Its structure can be characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, small angle X-ray scattering, radial distribution function and Raman spectrum. The nanocomposites exhibit obvious quantum size effect (blue shift of light absorption edge) and increase of third-order nonlinear optical coefficient, and are expected to be obtained in optoelectronic devices such as optical bistability, fast response, phase conjugation and optical waveguide application. Is a very important type of material. Research abroad is very active. In this paper, taking CdS · SiO2 nanocomposites as an example, the preparation method, structural characterization, performance analysis and application prospects are introduced.